Sydney Harbour

Sydney Harbour (also called Port Jackson) is a natural harbour on the East Coast of Australia in Sydney. It is the location of the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

History

Before the arrival of European settlers, the area surrounding Sydney Harbour was home to a variety of aboriginal tribes, including members of the Gadigal, Cammeraygal, Eora and Wanegal tribes. It is believed that the Gadigal people once lived in the area heading from the south side of Port Jackson (South Head, Watsons Bay) and west in a semi circle through Petersham. The Cammeraygal tribe lived on the northern side of Sydney Harbour and the Wanegal tribe owned the area on the southern side of the Parramatta River, just west of Petersham and through to Rose Hill. The Eora tribe lived on the southern side of Sydney Harbour, not far from where the First Fleet set up camp.

Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge are both on the shores of Sydney Harbour

In 1770, shortly after he left Botany Bay (Kurnell Peninsula), Lt James Cook became the first non-Aboriginal person to visit Sydney Harbour. Cook named it Sydney Harbour after Sir George Jackson. He did not go into the harbour, but sailed past the entrance (Sydney Heads) on his way north up the East Coast of Australia.

European settlement started on January 26, 1788 when Captain Arthur Phillip and the First Fleet arrived from England. Phillip brought 732 convicts (prisoners) and a small group of soldiers to start a penal colony. They landed at a small inlet which they called Sydney Cove after Lord Sydney, who was the British government's Home Secretary.

Islands

There are lots of islands inside Sydney Harbour, including Shark Island, Clark Island, Fort Denison, Goat Island, Cockatoo Island, Spectacle Island, Snapper Island and Rodd Island. Some other former islands, including Bennelong Island, Garden Island and Berry Island are now connected to the mainland by bridge or by landfill. There are several islands only accessible by boat, for example Fort Denison and Cockatoo Island. Boat hire operators offer charter trips or self-drive options to these locations.

Sydney Harbour as viewed from Grotto Point Reserve where Middle Harbour joins the main harbour

Sydney Harbour Media

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  Sydney Cove, Port Jackson in the County of Cumberland – from a drawing made by Francis Fowkes in 1788

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  This 1830 painting shows the Mellish entering the harbour. Ships importing resources from India played a vital role in establishing Sydney.

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  Clipper ships in Darling Harbour in 1900

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  A Japanese Kō-hyōteki class midget submarine M-21 being raised from Taylor's Bay on 1 June 1942

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  The Harbour as seen aloft from the Tasman Sea

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  The harbour is the focal point for the Sydney New Year's Eve celebrations.

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  The Sydney central business district skyline viewed from the harbour

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  Detailed map of Port Jackson

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  Port Jackson shrouded in bushfire smoke during Black Summer

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  Sydney Harbour at night, with the Opera House and Harbour Bridge

Other websites

• A Living Harbour A history of Sydney Harbour from ABC Radio National