French Third Republic

French Republic
*République française*
French Republic République française
1870–1940
	'Motto:
	Anthem:
	';
	The French Republic in 1939 France; French protectorates;
	Territories and colonies of the French Republic at the end of 1939; Dark blue: Metropolitan territory; Light blue: Colonies, mandates, and protectorates;
Capital	Paris
Common languages	French (official), several others
Religion	Roman Catholicism; Calvinism; Lutheranism; Judaism;
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic
President
• 1871–1873 (first)	Adolphe Thiers
• 1932–1940 (last)	Albert Lebrun
President of the Council of Ministers
• 1870–1871 (first)	Louis Jules Trochu
• 1940 (last)	Philippe Pétain
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
History
•	4 September 1870
•	10 July 1940
Area
• Total	13,500,000 km2 (5,200,000 sq mi)
1894 (Metropolitan France)	536,464 km2 (207,130 sq mi)
Population
• 1894 (Metropolitan France)	36,100,000
• 1938 (including colonies)	150,000,000
Currency	French Franc
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Second French Empire
Vichy France
Free France
German military administration
Italian military administration
Today part of	France; Algeria; Senegal; Central African Republic; Madagascar; Cambodia; Vietnam; Laos; Djibouti; Chad; Gabon; Tunisia; Mali; Benin; Mauritania;

The French Third Republic (French: La Troisième Républiquecode: fr is deprecated , sometimes written as La III^e Républiquecode: fr is deprecated ) was the system of government created in France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940 after France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the creation of the Vichy government in France.^[2]

It was formed in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War from 1870-1871. After France was defeated Napoleon III was exiled from France. In 1914 France declared war on the German Empire led by Kaiser Wilhelm II until Germany became the Weimar Republic Era in 1918 after World War 1.

In 1940 after Nazi Germany started World War 2 the French surrendered. Southern France became Vichy France and France’s Colonies in North Africa surrendered while the Empire of Japan took French Indochina before Japan Attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941.

Church and state

Throughout the lifetime of the Third Republic (1870–1940), there were battles over the status of the Catholic Church in France among the republicans, monarchists and the authoritarians (such as the Napoleonists). The French clergy and bishops were closely associated with the monarchists and many of its hierarchy were from noble families. Republicans were based in the anti-clerical middle class, who saw the Church's alliance with the monarchists as a political threat to republicanism, and a threat to the modern spirit of progress. The republicans detested the Church for its political and class affiliations; for them, the Church represented the Ancien Régime, a time in French history most republicans hoped was long behind them.

Interwar period

French soldiers observing the Rhine at Deutsches Eck, Koblenz, during the Occupation of the Rhineland From 1919 to 1940, France was governed by two main groupings of political alliances. On the one hand, there was the right-center Bloc national led by Georges Clemenceau, Raymond Poincaré and Aristide Briand.

French Third Republic Media

La Marseillaise (1914 Recording)
Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy in front of the Palais Bourbon, seat of the Corps Législatif, on 4 September 1870
A French propaganda poster from 1917 is captioned with an 18th-century quote: "Even in 1788, Mirabeau was saying that War is the National Industry of Prussia."
Composition of the national Assembly – 1871
The Sacré-Cœur Basilica was built as a symbol of the Ordre Moral.
In France from 1871 to the end of World War I in 1918, schoolchildren were taught not to forget the lost regions of Alsace–Lorraine, which were coloured in black on maps.
Georges Ernest Boulanger, nicknamed Général Revanche
Front page of Le Petit Journal (1906) depicting striking miners in Pas-de-Calais following the Courrières mine disaster
Silver coin: 5 francs of France 1876, released under President Patrice de Mac Mahon
AlfredDreyfus