French colonial empire
The French colonial Empire (French: Empire colonial français) was land controlled by the French from the 16th century to the late 1960s. In the 17th and 18th centuries France gained and lost large territories in North America and India. Like the other empires of the time, was powered by slaves captured from Africa.[1] The Haitian Revolution, when many of these slaves in the colony of Saint Domingue fought and defeated the French, caused major changes in the empire.
French Colonial Empire Empire colonial français | |
|---|---|
| 1534–1980 | |
.svg) | |
 French conquests and territories over the centuries | |
| Capital and largest city | Paris |
| Bourbon Bonaparte | |
| History | |
• | 1534 |
| 24 July 1534 | |
| 30 April 1803 | |
• Independence of Vanuatu | 30 July 1980 |
• | 1980 |
| Area | |
| 1680 (first colonial empire peak) | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
| 1938 (second colonial empire peak) | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
| 1534-1980 | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
| Population | |
• 1938 (second colonial empire peak) | 150,000,000 |
| Today part of | Countries today
|
Sometimes, people say there was a first and a second French colonial empire. The "First French Colonial Empire" was from the French colonization of the Americas to the Napoleonic Wars. The "Second French Colonial Empire" is the French colonies in Africa.
From the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire had a total area of over 10,000,000 square kilometres (3,900,000 sq mi), at its peak in 1680. At the time, it was the second-largest empire in the world, behind the Spanish Empire. In terms of land area, the Second French colonial empire extended to over 13,500,000 square kilometres (5,200,000 sq mi) at its peak in 1936. It was also the second largest in the world at the time, at 10% of the world's land area. The total land area of the first and second French colonial empire combined reached 24,000,000 square kilometres (9,300,000 sq mi).
France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean and India in the 17th century, but lost most of them after losing in the Seven Years' War. The North American colonies were lost to Britain and Spain. Spain returned Louisiana (New France) to France in 1800. Then, France sold it to the United States in 1803. France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850, mostly in Africa, but also in Indochina and in the South Pacific. It started to trade with the countries by supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items. Rebuilding an empire improved French reputation as an international power by spreading the French language and the Catholic religion. It also provided more men to fight in the World Wars.
A major goal was the "Civilizing Mission" (French: Mission civilisatrice). 'Civilizing' the populations of Africa by spreading language and religion was used to explain how the French colonial project worked.[2] France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire, with the notable exception of Algeria, where the French settlers took power while being a minority.
French Colonial Empire Media
The French colonial empire in the Americas comprised New France (including Canada and Louisiana), French West Indies (including Saint-Domingue, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Dominica, St. Lucia, Grenada, Tobago and other islands) and French Guiana.
French North America was known as 'Nouvelle France' or New France.
1767 Louis XV Colonies Françoises (West Indies) 12 Diniers copper Sous (w/1793 "RF" counterstamp)
French and other European settlements in Colonial India
The British invasion of Martinique in 1809
Animated map showing the growth and decline of the first and second French colonial empires
Central and east Africa, 1898, during the Fashoda Incident
.svg)
References
- ↑ "French Slave Trade". Slavery and Remembrance. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
- ↑ Priestley, Herbert Ingram (2018-05-03). France Overseas: A Study of Modern Imperialism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-00241-7.
