Gabon
The Gabonese Republic, or Gabon, is a country in Africa. It is located on the equator. It has borders with Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, and the Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Libreville, which is also the largest city in the country. Gabon has an area of almost 270,000 square kilometres (100,000 sq mi). About 2.3 million people live in Gabon.
Gabonese Republic République Gabonaise | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Motto: | |
| Anthem: | |
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| Capital and largest city | Libreville 0°23′N 9°27′E / 0.383°N 9.450°E |
| Official languages | French |
| Fang Myene | |
| Demonym(s) | Gabonese |
| Government | Presidential republic under a military junta |
| Brice Oligui | |
| Raymond Ndong Sima | |
| Independence from France | |
• Granted | August 17, 1960 |
| Area | |
• Total | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (76th) |
• Water (%) | 3.76% |
| Population | |
• 2016 estimate | 1,979,786[1] (150th) |
• Density | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (216th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2018 estimate |
• Total | $38.280 billion[2] |
• Per capita | $18,647[2] |
| GDP (nominal) | 2018 estimate |
• Total | $17.212 billion[2] |
• Per capita | $8,384[2] |
| Gini (2017) | 38[3] medium |
| HDI (2018) |  0.702[4]high · 115th |
| Currency | Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +241 |
| ISO 3166 code | GA |
| Internet TLD | .ga |
Gabon was a colony of France. It became a new country on August 17, 1960. Since 1960, the country has had only 3 presidents. At first it had one-party rule. In the early 1990s, the country switched to a multi-party government.
Gabon is one of the richest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has 4th highest HDI and third highest GDP per capita (PPP) in the region. Gabon has high levels of income inequality, and there are significant amounts of poverty in the country.
History
Not much is known about the history of Gabon before European contact. The first people who lived in the country were pygmies. Later, Bantu people took over the area after moving down from the North.[5] Not much is known of the local culture, other than tribal art that exists.
In the 15th century, the Portuguese were first Europeans to visit the area. At that time, the coast of Gabon was ruled by the Kingdom of Loango.[6] That was a state that included parts of what is today Angola and Republic of Congo. The Portuguese first settled on the islands of São Tomé, Príncipe, and Fernando Pó. But they visited the coast of Gabon regularly. The Portuguese named Gabon region after their word gabão which means a coat with sleeve and hood.[6] Starting from the 16th century, the coast was used for slave trade.
In the 19th century, the French made Gabon part of their Colonial empire. At this time much exploration was done of Gabon's dense jungles. The explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza was one of the most famous to do so. In 1849, freed slaves founded Libreville, which later became the capital.
In 1910 Gabon was one of the French colonies which formed French Equatorial Africa (together with Congo, Central African Republic and Chad). French Equatorial Africa lasted to 1959. On 17 August 1960, Gabon became a new country.
Since 1960, Gabon has only had 3 presidents. In 1961 Léon M'ba became the first president. In 1967 after his death Omar Bongo became the president and ruled the country to 2009. In 2009, Omar Bongo died and his son Ali Bongo Ondimba took over as president. In June 2022, Gabon joined the Commonwealth of Nations.[7]
Geography
Gabon is on the Atlantic coast of central Africa. It is on the equator. Gabon generally has an equatorial climate. Rainforests cover 85% of the country. There are three distinct regions: the coastal plains (ranging between 20 and 300 km from the ocean's shore), the mountains (the Cristal Mountains to the northeast of Libreville, the Chaillu Massif in the centre, culminating at 1575 m with Mont Iboundji), and the savanna in the east. The coastal plains form a large section of the World Wildlife Fund's Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests ecoregion and contain patches of Central African mangroves especially on the Muni River estuary on the border with Equatorial Guinea.
Gabon's largest river is the Ogooué which is 1200 km long. Gabon has three karst areas where there are hundreds of caves in the dolomite and limestone rocks. Some of the caves include Grotte du Lastoursville, Grotte du Lebamba, Grotte du Bongolo, and Grotte du Kessipougou. Many caves have not been explored yet. A National Geographic Expedition visited the caves in the summer of 2008 to document them (Expedition Website Archived 2009-04-20 at the Wayback Machine).
Politics
The first Gabonese president was Leon Mba. His successor was Omar Bongo, from 1967 until his death in 2009. Under his governance Gabon had just one political party between 1968 and 1990. It was called PDG.
Provinces and departments
Gabon is divided into nine provinces. The provinces are divided into departments.
The provinces are:
Economics
Gabon has nine states. The soil of Gabon is rich in the metals uranium, manganese, and petrolium. Therefore, these three elements, such as metal exploited in Port-Gentil, uranium in Munana, and the manganese in Franceville.
Culture
Gabon has a wide culture. Before colonialism, Gabon's people believed their ancestral spirit as religion, like bwiti, mvett, djobi.
After colonialism, others religions such as Christianity and Islam came to be added to the first animist believers.
The Gabon national football team has represented the nation since 1962.[8] Gabon were joint hosts, along with Equatorial Guinea, of the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations.[9] They were the only hosts of the competition's 2017 tournament.[10]
Gabon has excellent recreational fishing. It is considered one of the best places in the world to catch Atlantic tarpon.[11]
Books about Gabon
- Maria Petringa, Brazza, A Life for Africa (2006) ISBN 978-1-4259-1198-0
Gabon Media
Gabon (orthographic projection)
La Concorde, hymne national du Gabon (instrumental).
A map of West Africa in 1673
The Battle of Gabon resulted in the Free French Forces taking the colony of Gabon from Vichy French forces, 1940
President George W. Bush welcomes President Omar Bongo to the Oval Office, May 2004
Independence Day celebration in Gabon
Prime Minister of Gabon Julien Nkoghe Bekale and Russian President Vladimir Putin at the Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi in Russia in October 2019
Map of Köppen climate classification
Change in per capita GDP of Gabon, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.
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Related pages
References
- ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
- ↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on January 21, 2019. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2019". United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ↑ "History of Gabon - Lonely Planet Travel Information". www.lonelyplanet.com. Archived from the original on 2020-07-24. Retrieved 2020-06-01.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Gabon - History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-06-01.
- ↑ Commonwealth of Nations (25 June 2022). "Gabon and Togo join the Commonwealth". Press release. https://thecommonwealth.org/news/gabon-and-togo-join-commonwealth. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ↑ "Gabon: Gabon Fédération Gabonaise de Football". Fifa.com. FIFA. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
- ↑ Gabon will host the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations final. BBC. 29 January 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/8488241.stm. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ↑ "Gabon named hosts of AFCON 201". Cafonline.com. CAF. April 8, 2015. Archived from the original on February 9, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
- ↑ Olander, Doug (29 May 2014). "World's Best Tarpon Fishing Spots". sportfishingmag.com. Sport Fishing Magazine. Archived from the original on June 21, 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.