Velvet Revolution

Flowers and candles on Wenceslas Square in November 1989

Velvet Revolution (Czech: sametová revoluce, Slovak: nežná revolúcia) is a name for political changes in Czechoslovakia between November 17 and December 29, 1989. It ended with the fall of the one-party government of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and start of the democratization process. The name Velvet was chosen for its softness.

After the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia ended the Prague Spring in August 1968, censorship began again and the Communist Party purged many of its members. This event during the 1970s is known as Normalization. Despite these events, the economic situation in Czechoslovakia was better than in other countries of Eastern Bloc (for example in Poland or Hungary).

Revolution

The Velvet Revolution started at an official event for 50th anniversary of the closing of Czechoslovakian universities on November 17, 1939 by the Nazis in Prague. This event continued after its official end and was violently ended by state police on the street "Národní třída". In following days people organized meetings for protest against the actions of state police. 750-800 thousand people were at one of the biggest protests on November 25.

On November 19, the Civic Forum, the political movement which led the dialogue with the communist government, was created in The Drama Club in Prague.^[1] The same day, the movement "Public Against Violence" was created in Bratislava.

On November 27 a general strike took place. On this day there was a protest at Wenceslas Square with 300,000 people. Its main slogan was "Konec vlády jedné strany" - End of one-part government.

Václav Havel was named as president of Czechoslovakia on December 29, 1989. He was the first non-communist president of Czechoslovakia since 1948.

Velvet Revolution Media

Memorial of the student demonstrations of 17 November, in Prague
Memorial of the Velvet revolution in Bratislava (Námestie SNP), Slovakia: Template:"'Only those who struggle for their freedom are worthy of it.' At this place in November 1989 we decided to take our responsibility for the future into our own hands. We decided to put an end to communism and to establish freedom and democracy."
St. Wenceslas Monument
People on the Wenceslas Square in Prague
A statue of Saint Adalbert of Prague with a streamer and banners
25 November, people flow from the Prague cathedral (where ended a mass in honour of canonisation of Agnes of Bohemia) and from the metro station Hradčanská to Letná Plain.
"To the general secretary – a general strike!!!" An appeal with portrait of Miloš Jakeš, who resigned on 24 November
21st anniversary of the Velvet Revolution – former President Václav Havel (right, with flowers) at the Memorial at Národní Street in Prague
Václav Havel honouring the deaths of those who took part in the 1939 Prague protest.