Voiced alveolar plosive
The voiced alveolar stop is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨d⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨d⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "d" in dear and desk.
| Voiced alveolar plosive | |
|---|---|
| d | |
| IPA number | 104 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | d |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0064 |
| X-SAMPA | d |
Features
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. It means that we produce this sound by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
- Its phonation is voiced. It means that the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- We produce it at alveolar. It means that we produce this sound with the tip of the tongue(apical) or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (laminal).
- Its behavior is stop, or plosive. It means that we produce this sound by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)
Examples
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | 'д'ахэ/daahė | [daːxa] | 'pretty' | |
| Assyrian | ܘܪܕܐ [[[Syriac alphabet|wer'd'a]]] Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (help) | [wεrda] | 'flower' | |
| Bengali | ডাব/ḍab | [d̠ab] | 'green coconut' | |
| Catalan[1] | sus'd'it | [sʊzˈd̻it̪] | 'said before' | |
| Czech | 'd'o | [do] | 'into' | |
| Dutch[2] | 'd'ak | [dɑk] | 'roof' | |
| English | Most speakers | dash | [ˈdæʃ] | 'dash' |
| Finnish | si'd'os | [ˈsido̞s] | 'bond' | |
| Greek | 'ντ'ροπή / 'd'ropí | [dro̞ˈpi] | 'shame' | |
| Hebrew | 'ד'ואר/ do'ar | [ˈdo̞.äʁ̞] | 'mail' | |
| Hungarian | a'd'ó | [ˈɒdoː] | 'tax' | |
| Kabardian | 'д'ахэ/ daahė | [daːxa] | 'pretty' | |
| Korean | 아들 / adeul | [ɐdɯl] | 'son' | |
| Kurdish | Northern | 'd'iran | [dɪɾä:n] | 'tooth' |
| Central | ددان/ dadân | [dædä:n] | ||
| Southern | دیان/dîân | [diːä:n] | ||
| Luxembourgish[3] | bru'dd'er | [ˈb̥ʀudɐ] | 'brother' | |
| Malay | Standard (incl. Malaysian) | 'd'ahan | [dähän] | 'branch' |
| Indonesian[4] | ||||
| Kelantan-Pattani | [dahɛː] | |||
| Maltese | 'd'ehen | [den] | 'wit' | |
| Thai | ดาว/ dāw | [daːw] | 'star' | |
| Welsh | diafol | [djavɔl] | 'devil' | |
| West Frisian | 'd'oarp | [ˈdwɑrp] | 'village' | |
| Yi | ꄿ/'dd'a | [da˧] | 'competent' | |
| Yonaguni | 与那国 / dunan | [dunaŋ] | 'Yonaguni' | |
Notes
- ↑ Rafel Fontanals (1999), p. 14.
- ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
- ↑ Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
- ↑ Soderberg & Olson (2008), p. 210.
References
- Gussenhoven, Carlos. Dutch. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2) (1992). p. 45–47. doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X.
- Gilles, Peter. Luxembourgish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 (1) (2013). p. 67–74. doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278.
- Soderberg, Craig D.. Indonesian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (2) (2008). p. 209–213. doi:10.1017/s0025100308003320.