Brasília
Brasília (bɾaˈziliɐ) is the capital city of Brazil. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city and its Federal District are in the Central-West region of the country. It is on a plateau known as Planalto Central. Brasília has a population of about 2,557,000 (3,599,000 in the metropolitan area) as of the 2008 IBGE estimate. It is the fourth largest city in Brazil. But the Brasília metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the nation. It is listed as a World Heritage Site. Brasília hosts 124 foreign embassies.[1]
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 Location of Brasília within the Federal District and in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: Coordinates: 15°48′00″S 47°54′00″W / 15.80000°S 47.90000°W | |
| Country |  Brazil |
| Region | Central-West |
| State | Federal District |
| Founded | April 21, 1960 |
| Area | |
| • Federal capital | 5,801.937 km2 (2,204.14 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,172 m (3,845 ft) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • Federal capital | 2,562,963 (4th) |
| • Density | 441.74/km2 (1,162.795/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,562,963 |
| Time zone | UTC-3 (BRT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-2 (BRST) |
| Postal Code | 70000-000 |
| Website | www.brasilia.df.gov.br |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, iv |
| Designated | 1987 (11th session) |
| Reference no. | 445 |
| State Party | Brazil |
| Region | Latin America and the Caribbean |
Viewed from above, the main portion of the city resembles an airplane or a butterfly.[2][3] The Monumental Axis goes east-west and holds government buildings and monuments. The other axis is curved in a north south direction. The city is commonly referred to as Capital Federal, or simply BSB.[4] As the national capital, Brasília is the seat of all three branches of the Brazilian government. The city also hosts the headquarters of many Brazilian companies. Planning policies place residential buildings around expansive urban areas. The plan includes large avenues. It divides the city into sectors with different purposes, including accommodation and tourism. The city is built around an artificial lake, Lake Paranoá.
Residents of Brasília are known as brasilienses or candangos. (The candangos are people who moved to Brasília when the city was established). In local usage, the word "Brasília" usually refers only to the First Administrative Region within the Distrito Federal (Federal District), where the most important government buildings are. Brasília has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like nearly all cities in Brazil. In the rest of Brazil, Brasília is almost always means the Brazilian Federal District. There are several "satellite cities," which are also part of the Federal District.
History
The city was planned and developed as a new town in 1956. Lúcio Costa was the principal urban planner and Oscar Niemeyer was the principal architect. Roberto Burle Marx was the landscape designer. They created the Plano Piloto de Brasília. Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956 to April 21, 1960.
On 8 January 2023, supporters of former President Jair Bolsonaro stormed and invaded the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília, taking over the offices of the Supreme Federal Court, National Congress of Brazil and the Palácio do Planalto.[5] The event was seen as an attempted coup d'état to overturn the election results of the 2022 general election.[6]
Transportation
The Brasília subway system (Metrô de Brasília) has 24 stations on two lines 42 km (26 mi) long. The subway currently covers the south half of the metropolitan area. In 2010, a light rail line was added. By 2014, the light rail line will go from the end of the north wing of the city to the airport in the south.
Brasília International Airport is the main airport in Brasília, connecting the capital to all major Brazilian cities and many airports in other countries. It is the third most important airport of Brazil, in terms of passengers and aircraft movements.
Brasília Media
The foundation stone of Brasilia, Hill of the Centenary, erected in 1922 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Brazil's independence
Urban planner Lúcio Costa was the winner of the competition for the construction project of Brasília and played a key role in the city's landmarking.
One of the first plans of Brasília. A digital photo of the original plan, which is on permanent public display at the O Espaço Lúcio Costa in Brasília.
Brasília in 1958. Only Asa Sul is already leased, and Ministries Esplanade is also visible.
Construction of the Ministries Esplanade in 1959
Brasília, quadras 700 asa sul
Brasilia from Hodoyoshi 1 satellite
Map from OpenStreetMap, covering the Plano Piloto area of Brasília
Brasilia at night from ISS
References
- ↑ "Lista do Corpo Diplomático e Organismos Internacionais". Cerimonial, Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ↑ "Lucio Costa". Infobrasilia.com.br. Archived from the original on June 25, 2007. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
- ↑ "Google Maps". Google Maps. January 1, 1970. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
- ↑ "About Brasilia". About Brasilia. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ↑ Nicas, Jack; Spigariol, André (8 January 2023). "Bolsonaro Supporters Lay Siege to Brazil's Capital". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/08/world/americas/brazil-election-protests-bolsonaro.html. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
- ↑ Bowman, Emma (8 January 2023). Security forces regain control after Bolsonaro supporters storm Brazil's Congress. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2023/01/08/1147757260/bolsonaro-supporters-storm-brazil-congress-lula. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
