Grand Tour
The Grand Tour was the name of travel through Europe by rich European (mostly British) young men between 1660 until about 1840. It was done to learn about European society and art. The idea was that what they learned on their travels could be used to help those that stayed at home. Italy was often the final country to visit. They would mostly travel with servants and a teacher called a bear-leader.
Example Grand Tour
Which places the Grand Tour would visit [1] changed through the years. An example would be a British tourist would go from Dover, England and crossed the English Channel to Ostend,[2] in the Spanish Netherlands/Belgium, or Calais, or Le Havre in France.
There they could rent or buy a carriage and travel to Paris. Or they could make the trip by boat, traveling up the Seine to Paris, or up the Rhine to Basel.
In Paris, the traveler could take lessons in French, dancing, fencing, and horse riding. Paris was popular because of the language and fashion of French high society.
From Paris he would go to Switzerland for a while, often to Geneva. From there the traveler would make a difficult crossing over the Alps into northern Italy.
Once in Italy the tourist would visit Turin, then might spend a few months in Florence. Other Grand Tourists would be in Florence to welcome him. A trip to Pisa then on to Padua,[3] Bologna, and Venice.
Venice was seen as the most important place for Italian architecture, and was very important place to visit.[4][5]
From Venice the traveler went to Rome to study the ruins of ancient Rome. Some travelers also visited Naples to study music. Naples was often the final destination before turning back.
From here the traveler went north through the Alps to the German-speaking parts of Europe. From there travelers visited Holland and Flanders before returning across the Channel to England.
Grand Tour Media
The interior of the Pantheon in the 18th century, painted by Giovanni Paolo Panini
Two sitters are full length, point to Great Britain on a globe and look to the Duke. A view of Geneva is in the distance.
Northerners found the contrast between Roman ruins and modern peasants of the Roman Campagna an educational lesson in vanities[source?] (painting by Nicolaes Pietersz Berchem, 1661, Mauritshuis)
لوحة غوتة في ريف روما بريشة الألماني فيلهيلم تيشباين - 1787
Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland (1640–1702), painted in classical dress in Rome by Carlo Maratti
A plate of the ruins of the Acropolis from Mark Twain's grand tour, a five-month 20,000 mile excursion of Europe, the Middle East, and the Holy Land satirized in his Innocents Abroad (1867)
References
- ↑ See Fussell (1987), Buzard (2002), Bohls and Duncan (2005)
- ↑ Ostend was the initial starting point for William Beckford on the continent.
- ↑ The Registro dei viaggiatori inglesi in Italia, 1618-1765, consists of 2038 autograph signatures of English and Scottish visitors, some of them scholars, to be sure. (J. Isaacs, "The Earl of Rochester's Grand Tour" The Review of English Studies 3. 9 [January 1927:75-76]).
- ↑ Redford, Bruce. Venice and the Grand Tour. Yale University Press: 1996.
- ↑ Eglin, John. Venice Transfigured: The Myth of Venice in British Culture, 1660-1797. Macmillan: 2001.
Other websites
- The Grand Tour Archived 2020-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
- Grand Tour online at the Getty Museum
- In Our Time: The Grand Tour: Jeremy Black, Edward Chaney and Chloe Chard.
- "Grand Tour" an exhibition project of the Swedish artist Matts Leiderstam Archived 2018-08-25 at the Wayback Machine
- Voyagers and Voyeurs - Travellers in 19th century France, an anthology
- Contemporary Grand Tour in Italy, Pictures and quotes
- Digging and Dealing in Eighteenth Century Rome[dead link]