Guatemala
Guatemala,[a] officially the Republic of Guatemala,[b] is a country in Central America. It borders Mexico, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. It also next to the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Honduras northeast.
Republic of Guatemala República de Guatemala (Spanish) | |
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| 'Motto: | |
| Anthem: | |
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| Capital and largest city | Guatemala City 14°38′N 90°30′W / 14.633°N 90.500°W |
| Official languages | Spanish |
| Ethnic groups (2018)[2] | |
| Religion (2017)[3] |
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| Demonym(s) | Guatemalan Chapín Guatemalteco (M) Guatemalteca (F) |
| Government | Unitary presidential republic |
| Bernardo Arévalo | |
| Karin Herrera | |
| Nery Ramos | |
| Legislature | Congress of the Republic |
| Independence | |
• Declared from the Spanish Empire | 15 September 1821 |
• Declared from the First Mexican Empire | 1 July 1823 |
• Declared from the Federal Republic of Central America | 17 April 1839 |
• Current constitution | 21 March 1847 |
| Area | |
• Total | 108,889 km2 (42,042 sq mi) (105th) |
• Water (%) | 0.4 |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate |  17,980,803[4] (70th) |
• Density | 166/km2 (429.9/sq mi) (80th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2025 estimate |
• Total |  $278.508 billion[5] (77th) |
• Per capita | $15,386[5] (121nd) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2025 estimate |
• Total | $120.964 billion[5] (70th) |
• Per capita | $6,682[5] (108th) |
| Gini (2023) | ▼ 45.2[6] medium |
| HDI (2023) | 0.662[7] medium · 137th |
| Currency | Quetzal (GTQ) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (CST) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +502 |
| ISO 3166 code | GT |
| Internet TLD | .gt |
Population
Guatemala has the largest population in Central America. More than fourteen million people live in the 22 Guatemalan departments. Most of the population is made up of mestizo (mixed race) people, who are a combination of Native and European people. Mestizo are 40% of the population. Native Mayan people are 49% of the population, while 9% are direct descendants of Spanish and German people. Black people are 2% of the population.
History
The capital was moved several times because of natural disasters. The first city was destroyed when the volcano Volcan de Agua erupted, forcing the move to what today is called Antigua Guatemala. This city was destroyed by earthquakes. Finally, the capital was moved to Guatemala City.
- Guatemala
Guatemala City
Zacapa
Tikal
Flores
Solola
Antigua
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Photo
Guatemala Media
National anthem of Guatemala, by the U.S. Navy Band
La Granadera. Marcha militar de Guatemala
Tikal Mayan ruins Guatemala 2009
The Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado led the initial Spanish efforts to conquer Guatemala.
Guatemalan Whites rejoice upon learning about the declaration of independence from Spain on 15 September 1821.
The Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838) with its capital in Guatemala City
Proclamation Coin 1847 of the independent Republic of Guatemala
Captain General Rafael Carrera after being appointed president for Life in 1854
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Related pages
Notes
- ↑ /ˌɡwɑːtəˈmɑːlə/ (
listen) GWAH-tə-MAH-lə; es; Kekchí: Watemaal, Kaqchikel and K'iche': Iximulew, Mam: Twitz Paxil
- ↑ República de Guatemala es
References
- ↑ Banco de Guatemala 1996.
- ↑ Portal de Resultados del Censo 2018Censopoblacion.gt. Retrieved 2022-04-14.
- ↑ International Religious Freedom Report for 2017: Guatemala. www.state.gov. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ↑ Template:Cite CIA World Factbook
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Guatemala). IMF.org (10 October 2024)International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ Gini index - Guatemala. World Bank Open Data. Retrieved 2025-06-07.
- ↑ Human Development Report 2025 (6 May 2025)United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
Other websites
Media related to Guatemala at Wikimedia Commons