Pyrénées-Orientales

Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales
	Department
	Le Canigou mountain, Pyrénées-Orientales
; Flag	; Coat of arms
	Location of Pyrénées-Orientales in France
	Coordinates: 42°34′N 2°45′E / 42.567°N 2.75°ECoordinates: 42°34′N 2°45′E / 42.567°N 2.75°E
Country	France
Region	Languedoc-Roussillon
Prefecture	Perpignan
Subprefectures	Céret; Prades
Government
• President of the General Council	Hermeline Malherbe
Area
• Total	4,116 km2 (1,589 sq mi)
Population (2011)
• Total	452,530
• Rank	57th
• Density	109.944/km2 (284.75/sq mi)
Demonym	Pyrénaliens, Pyrénaliennes
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
ISO 3166 code	FR-66
Arrondissements	3
Cantons	31
Communes	226

Pyrénées-Orientales (English: Eastern Pyrenees; Catalan: Pirineus Orientals; Occitan: Pirenèus Orientals) is a department in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon in southern France; it is next to the northern Spanish border and the Mediterranean Sea.

The department is formed by the historically Catalan-speaking area of Rosillon (with its different parts: Roussillon (modern), Haute Cerdagne (or simply Cerdagne), Conflent, Vallespir and Capcir) and Fenouillèdes, an historically Occitan-speaking area.

History

Before 1659, most of the present department was part of the former Principality of Catalonia, within the Kingdom of Spain, so historically most of it has been Catalan-speaking, and it is still sometimes referred to as Northern Catalonia.

Pyrénées-Orientales was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Pyrénées-Orientales was formed by the province of Roussillon and Fenouillèdes (Occitan: Fenolheda), a small piece of territory which had formerly been on the southern edge of Languedoc.

Geography

Pyrénées-Orientales has an area of 4,116 km² (1,589 sq mi).^[1] It has the department of Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, Spain to the south, and Andorra and the department of Ariège to the west.

The department is dominated by the Pyrenees mountain range. The highest mountain is Pic Carlit (42°34′11″N 01°55′55″E / 42.56972°N 1.93194°E / 42.56972; 1.93194 (Pic Carlit)) that is 2,921 m (9,583 ft) high.^[3] The best known mountain in the department is Le Canigou (42°31′08″N 02°27′24″E / 42.51889°N 2.45667°E / 42.51889; 2.45667 (Le Canigou)) that is 2,784 m (9,134 ft) high.^[3]

There are three main rivers in the department: from north to south, Agly, Têt (the largest river of the department) and Tech; the Agly has its source in the Corbières hills, in the southern part of the Aude department. The other two river has their sources in the Pyrenees. The three rivers flow into the eastern Plain of Roussillon before they flow into the Mediterranean Sea.

Most of the population and agricultural production are concentrated in the Plain of Roussillon, with only 30% of the area.

Llívia is a town of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain, that forms a Spanish exclave surrounded by French territory.

Administration

The département is managed by the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales in Perpignan. The Pyrénées-Orientales is part of the region of Languedoc-Roussillon.

Administrative divisions

The area is traditionally divided into comarques, of which five (French Cerdagne, Capcir, Conflent, Roussillon and Vallespir) are historically Catalan-speaking and one (Fenouillèdes) is historically Occitan-speaking.

Perpignan from the Palais des Rois de Majorque

There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 31 cantons and 226 communes (municipalities) in the Pyrénées-Orientales.

The arrondissements and its cantons are:

Arrondissement of Céret with 5 cantons, subprefecture in Céret:
- Argelès-sur-Mer
- Arles-sur-Tech
- Céret (canton)
- Côte Vermeille
- Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste

Arrondissement of Perpignan with 20 cantons, prefecture in Perpignan:
- Canet-en-Roussillon
- La Côte Radieuse
- Elne
- Latour-de-France
- Millas
- Cantons of Perpignan, numbered 1-9:
  Perpignan-1, Perpignan-2, Perpignan-3, Perpignan-4, Perpignan-5
  Perpignan-6, Perpignan-7, Perpignan-8, Perpignan-9
- Rivesaltes
- Saint-Estève
- Saint-Laurent-de-la-Salanque
- Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet
- Thuir
- Toulouges

Arrondissement of Prades with 6 cantons, subprefecture in Prades:
- Mont-Louis
- Olette
- Prades
- Saillagouse
- Sournia
- Vinça

Cantons of the Pyrénées-Orientales

Demographics

Albera Massif view from Saint-Génis-des-Fontaines

Pyrénées-Orientales has a population, in 2011, of 452,530,^[2] for a population density of 109.9 inhabitants/km². The arrondissement of Perpignan, with 337,765 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Céret and Prades, have respectively 72,005 and 42,760 inhabitants.^[4]

The only important city is Perpignan with 118,238 people living there in 2011. Other cities are Canet-en-Roussillon (13,091), Saint-Estève (10,905), Saint-Cyprien (10,438) and Argeles-sur-Mer (9,939).^[4]

The inhabitants of Pyrénées-Orientales are known, in French, as Pyrénaliens (women: Pyrénaliennes) or Catalans (women: Catalanes).^[5]

French is spoken by almost all the population. Minority languages in the region are Catalan and Occitan, which between them are estimated to be spoken by rather more than a quarter of the population and understood by more than 40%.

On 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales recognized Catalan as a regional language of the department, though French is still the only official language in France, according to the Constitution.^[6]

Climate

In the department, there are three subtypes of the group C in the Köppen climate classification:^[7]

Csa - Mediterranean climate with hot summers.
Cfa - Subtropical humid climate with hot summers.
Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Climate data for Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales, France
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Daily mean °C (°F)	8 (46)	8 (46)	11 (52)	13 (55)	16 (61)	20 (68)	23 (73)	23 (73)	20 (68)	16 (61)	11 (52)	9 (48)	14.8 (58.7)
Rainfall mm (inches)	50 (1.97)	40 (1.57)	50 (1.97)	40 (1.57)	50 (1.97)	30 (1.18)	20 (0.79)	20 (0.79)	50 (1.97)	70 (2.76)	50 (1.97)	50 (1.97)	520 (20.47)
Source: Weatherbase.com [1]

Economy

Pyrénées-Orientales is a wine-growing area and a tourist destination.

The area is famous for its wine with the predominately red grape varieties grown all over the department.

Places of interest

Some places of interest are:

Prades (Catalan: Prada de Conflent) - site of the Catalan Summer University (Universitat Catalana d'Estiu).
Banyuls-sur-Mer (Catalan Banyuls de la Marenda) famous for its wines.
Prats de Molló - important defensive castle of the 17th century facing south to the Pyrenees.
Salses - important defensive castle of the 16th century, on the ancient frontier with Spain.