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Turing Award

The Turing Award

The ACM A.M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to "an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community".[1] It is named after Alan Turing and is given each year in New York City. It is the highest award that could be given to a computer scientist.[2] and the "Nobel Prize of computing".[3]

History

The first Turing Award was given in 1966 to Alan Perlis, a teacher at Carnegie Mellon University. It has been given every year since.

The first recipient, in 1966, was Alan Perlis, of Carnegie Mellon University. Frances E. Allen of IBM, in 2006, was the first female recipient in the award's forty-year history.[4][5][6]

Recipients

Year Recipient Photo Rationale
1966 Alan Perlis For his influence in the area of advanced computer programming techniques and compiler construction.[7]
1967 Maurice Wilkes   Wilkes is best known as the builder and designer of the EDSAC, the first computer with an internally stored program. Built in 1949, the EDSAC used a mercury delay line memory. He is also known as the author, with Wheeler and Gill, of a volume on "Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers" in 1951, in which program libraries were effectively introduced.[8]
1968 Richard Hamming For his work on numerical methods, automatic coding systems, and error-detecting and error-correcting codes.[9]
1969 Marvin Minsky   For his central role in creating, shaping, promoting, and advancing the field of artificial intelligence.[10]
1970 James H. Wilkinson For his research in numerical analysis to facilitate the use of the high-speed digital computer, having received special recognition for his work in computations in linear algebra and "backward" error analysis.[11]
1971 John McCarthy   McCarthy's lecture "The Present State of Research on Artificial Intelligence" is a topic that covers the area in which he has achieved considerable recognition for his work.[12]
1972 Edsger W. Dijkstra   Edsger Dijkstra was a principal contributor in the late 1950s to the development of the ALGOL, a high level programming language which has become a model of clarity and mathematical rigor. He is one of the principal proponents of the science and art of programming languages in general, and has greatly contributed to our understanding of their structure, representation, and implementation. His fifteen years of publications extend from theoretical articles on graph theory to basic manuals, expository texts, and philosophical contemplations in the field of programming languages.[13]
1973 Charles Bachman   For his outstanding contributions to database technology.[14]
1974 Donald Knuth   For his major contributions to the analysis of algorithms and the design of programming languages, and in particular for his contributions to "The Art of Computer Programming" through his well-known books in a continuous series by this title.[15]
1975 Allen Newell In joint scientific efforts extending over twenty years, initially in collaboration with J. C. Shaw at the RAND Corporation, and subsequently with numerous faculty and student colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University, they have made basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human cognition, and list processing.[16]
Herbert A. Simon  
1976 Michael O. Rabin   For their joint paper "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problem,"[17] which introduced the idea of nondeterministic machines, which has proved to be an enormously valuable concept. Their (Scott & Rabin) classic paper has been a continuous source of inspiration for subsequent work in this field.[18][19]
Dana Scott  
1977 John Backus   For profound, influential, and lasting contributions to the design of practical high-level programming systems, notably through his work on FORTRAN, and for seminal publication of formal procedures for the specification of programming languages.[20]
1978 Robert W. Floyd For having a clear influence on methodologies for the creation of efficient and reliable software, and for helping to found the following important subfields of computer science: the theory of parsing, the semantics of programming languages, automatic program verification, automatic program synthesis, and analysis of algorithms.[21]
1979 Kenneth E. Iverson 80px For his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as APL, for his contributions to the implementation of interactive systems, to educational uses of APL, and to programming language theory and practice.[22]
1980 Tony Hoare   For his fundamental contributions to the definition and design of programming languages.[23]
1981 Edgar F. Codd For his fundamental and continuing contributions to the theory and practice of database management systems, esp. relational databases.[24]
1982 Stephen Cook   For his advancement of our understanding of the complexity of computation in a significant and profound way.[25]
1983 Ken Thompson   For their development of generic operating systems theory and specifically for the implementation of the UNIX operating system.[26][27]
Dennis Ritchie  
1984 Niklaus Wirth   For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, EULER, ALGOL-W, MODULA and Pascal.
1985 Richard M. Karp   For his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for network flow and other combinatorial optimization problems, the identification of polynomial-time computability with the intuitive notion of algorithmic efficiency, and, most notably, contributions to the theory of NP-completeness.
1986 John Hopcroft   For fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures.
Robert Tarjan  
1987 John Cocke For significant contributions in the design and theory of compilers, the architecture of large systems and the development of reduced instruction set computers (RISC).
1988 Ivan Sutherland   For his pioneering and visionary contributions to computer graphics, starting with Sketchpad, and continuing after.
1989 William Kahan   For his fundamental contributions to numerical analysis. One of the foremost experts on floating-point computations. Kahan has dedicated himself to "making the world safe for numerical computations."
1990 Fernando J. Corbató   For his pioneering work organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, time-sharing and resource-sharing computer systems, CTSS and Multics.
1991 Robin Milner For three distinct and complete achievements: 1) LCF, the mechanization of Scott's Logic of Computable Functions, probably the first theoretically based yet practical tool for machine assisted proof construction; 2) ML, the first language to include polymorphic type inference together with a type-safe exception-handling mechanism; 3) CCS, a general theory of concurrency. In addition, he formulated and strongly advanced full abstraction, the study of the relationship between operational and denotational semantics.[28]
1992 Butler W. Lampson   For contributions to the development of distributed, personal computing environments and the technology for their implementation: workstations, networks, operating systems, programming systems, displays, security and document publishing.
1993 Juris Hartmanis   In recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory.[29]
Richard E. Stearns  
1994 Edward Feigenbaum   For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology.[30]
Raj Reddy  
1995 Manuel Blum   In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking.[31]
1996 Amir Pnueli   For seminal work introducing temporal logic into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and systems verification.[32]
1997 Douglas Engelbart   For an inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and the invention of key technologies to help realize this vision.[33]
1998 Jim Gray   For seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation.
1999 Frederick P. Brooks   For landmark contributions to computer architecture, operating systems, and software engineering.
2000 Andrew Yao   In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation, including the complexity-based theory of pseudorandom number generation, cryptography, and communication complexity.
2001 Ole-Johan Dahl For ideas fundamental to the emergence of object-oriented programming, through their design of the programming languages Simula I and Simula 67.
Kristen Nygaard  
2002 Ron Rivest   For their ingenious contribution for making public-key cryptography useful in practice.
Adi Shamir  
Leonard Adleman  
2003 Alan Kay   For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary object-oriented programming languages, leading the team that developed Smalltalk, and for fundamental contributions to personal computing.
2004 Vint Cerf   For pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking.
Bob Kahn  
2005 Peter Naur   For fundamental contributions to programming language design and the definition of ALGOL 60, to compiler design, and to the art and practice of computer programming.
2006 Frances E. Allen   For pioneering contributions to the theory and practice of optimizing compiler techniques that laid the foundation for modern optimizing compilers and automatic parallel execution.
2007 Edmund M. Clarke   For their roles in developing model checking into a highly effective verification technology, widely adopted in the hardware and software industries.[34]
E. Allen Emerson
Joseph Sifakis  
2008 Barbara Liskov   For contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of programming language and system design, especially related to data abstraction, fault tolerance, and distributed computing.
2009 Charles P. Thacker   For his pioneering design and realization of the Xerox Alto, the first modern personal computer, and in addition for his contributions to the Ethernet and the Tablet PC.
2010 Leslie Valiant   For transformative contributions to the theory of computation, including the theory of probably approximately correct (PAC) learning, the complexity of enumeration and of algebraic computation, and the theory of parallel and distributed computing.
2011 Judea Pearl[35]   For fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning.[36]
2012 Silvio Micali   For transformative work that laid the complexity-theoretic foundations for the science of cryptography and in the process pioneered new methods for efficient verification of mathematical proofs in complexity theory.[37]
Shafi Goldwasser  
2013 Leslie Lamport   For fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems, notably the invention of concepts such as causality and logical clocks, safety and liveness, replicated state machines, and sequential consistency.[38][39]
2014 Michael Stonebraker   For fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems.[40]
2015 Whitfield Diffie   For fundamental contributions to modern cryptography. Diffie and Hellman's groundbreaking 1976 paper, "New Directions in Cryptography,"[41] introduced the ideas of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, which are the foundation for most regularly-used security protocols on the Internet today.[42]
Martin Hellman  
2016 Tim Berners-Lee   For inventing the World Wide Web, the first web browser, and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale.[43]
2017 John L. Hennessy   For pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the microprocessor industry.[44]
David Patterson  
2018 Yoshua Bengio   For conceptual and engineering breakthroughs that have made deep neural networks a critical component of computing.[45]
Geoffrey Hinton  
Yann LeCun  
2019 Edwin Catmull   For fundamental contributions to 3-D computer graphics, and the revolutionary impact of these techniques on computer-generated imagery (CGI) in filmmaking and other applications.[46]
Pat Hanrahan  
2020 Alfred Aho 80px For fundamental algorithms and theory underlying programming language implementation and for synthesizing these results and those of others in their highly influential books, which educated generations of computer scientists.[47]
Jeffrey Ullman

References

  1. ↑ Dasgupta, Sanjoy; Papadimitriou, Christos; Vazirani, Umesh (2008). Algorithms. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-352340-8., p. 317.
  2. ↑ Bibliography of Turing Award lectures, DBLP
  3. ↑ Steven Geringer (27 July 2007). "ACM'S Turing Award Prize Raised To $250,000". ACM press release. Archived from the original on 2008-12-30. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  4. ↑ The Association for Computing Machinery (February 21, 2007). "First Woman to Receive ACM Turing Award". Press release. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. https://archive.is/20120526031046/http://campus.acm.org/public/pressroom/press_releases/2_2007/turing2006.cfm. Retrieved 2007-11-05. 
  5. ↑ Marianne Kolbasuk McGee (February 24–26, 2007). "There's Still A Shortage Of Women In Tech, First Female Turing Award Winner Warns". InformationWeek (CMP Media). http://www.informationweek.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=197008472. Retrieved 2007-11-05. 
  6. ↑ Perelman, Deborah (February 27, 2007). "Turing Award Anoints First Female Recipient". eWEEK (Ziff Davis Enterprise). http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,2098922,00.asp. Retrieved 2007-11-05. 
  7. ↑ Perlis, A. J. (1967). "The Synthesis of Algorithmic Systems". Journal of the ACM. 14: 1–9. doi:10.1145/321371.321372. S2CID 12937998.
  8. ↑ Wilkes, M. V. (1968). "Computers then and Now". Journal of the ACM. 15: 1–7. doi:10.1145/321439.321440. S2CID 9846847.
  9. ↑ Hamming, R. W. (1969). "One Man's View of Computer Science". Journal of the ACM. 16: 3–12. doi:10.1145/321495.321497. S2CID 6868310.
  10. ↑ Minsky, M. (1970). "Form and Content in Computer Science (1970 ACM turing lecture)". Journal of the ACM. 17 (2): 197–215. doi:10.1145/321574.321575. S2CID 15661281.
  11. ↑ Wilkinson, J. H. (1971). "Some Comments from a Numerical Analyst". Journal of the ACM. 18 (2): 137–147. doi:10.1145/321637.321638. S2CID 37748083.
  12. ↑ McCarthy, J. (1987). "Generality in artificial intelligence". Communications of the ACM. 30 (12): 1030–1035. doi:10.1145/33447.33448. S2CID 1045033.
  13. ↑ Dijkstra, E. W. (1972). "The humble programmer". Communications of the ACM. 15 (10): 859–866. doi:10.1145/355604.361591.
  14. ↑ Bachman, C. W. (1973). "The programmer as navigator". Communications of the ACM. 16 (11): 653–658. doi:10.1145/355611.362534.
  15. ↑ Knuth, D. E. (1974). "Computer programming as an art". Communications of the ACM. 17 (12): 667–673. doi:10.1145/361604.361612.
  16. ↑ Newell, A.; Simon, H. A. (1976). "Computer science as empirical inquiry: Symbols and search". Communications of the ACM. 19 (3): 113. doi:10.1145/360018.360022.
  17. ↑ Rabin, M. O.; Scott, D. (1959). "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problems". IBM Journal of Research and Development. 3 (2): 114. doi:10.1147/rd.32.0114. S2CID 3160330.
  18. ↑ Rabin, M. O. (1977). "Complexity of computations". Communications of the ACM. 20 (9): 625–633. doi:10.1145/359810.359816.
  19. ↑ Scott, D. S. (1977). "Logic and programming languages". Communications of the ACM. 20 (9): 634–641. doi:10.1145/359810.359826.
  20. ↑ Backus, J. (1978). "Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style?: A functional style and its algebra of programs". Communications of the ACM. 21 (8): 613–641. doi:10.1145/359576.359579.
  21. ↑ Floyd, R. W. (1979). "The paradigms of programming". Communications of the ACM. 22 (8): 455–460. doi:10.1145/359138.359140.
  22. ↑ Iverson, K. E. (1980). "Notation as a tool of thought". Communications of the ACM. 23 (8): 444–465. doi:10.1145/358896.358899.
  23. ↑ Hoare, C. A. R. (1981). "The emperor's old clothes". Communications of the ACM. 24 (2): 75–83. doi:10.1145/358549.358561.
  24. ↑ Codd, E. F. (1982). "Relational database: A practical foundation for productivity". Communications of the ACM. 25 (2): 109–117. doi:10.1145/358396.358400.
  25. ↑ Cook, S. A. (1983). "An overview of computational complexity". Communications of the ACM. 26 (6): 400–408. doi:10.1145/358141.358144.
  26. ↑ "A.M. Turing Award Laureate - Kenneth Lane Thompson". amturing.acm.org. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  27. ↑ "A.M. Turing Award Laureate - Dennis M. Ritchie". amturing.acm.org. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  28. ↑ Milner, R. (1993). "Elements of interaction: Turing award lecture". Communications of the ACM. 36: 78–89. doi:10.1145/151233.151240.
  29. ↑ Stearns, R. E. (1994). "Turing Award lecture: It's time to reconsider time". Communications of the ACM. 37 (11): 95–99. doi:10.1145/188280.188379.
  30. ↑ Reddy, R. (1996). "To dream the possible dream". Communications of the ACM. 39 (5): 105–112. doi:10.1145/229459.233436.
  31. ↑ "A.M. Turing Award Laureate - Manuel Blum". amturing.acm.org. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  32. ↑ "A.M. Turing Award Laureate - Amir Pnueli". amturing.acm.org. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  33. ↑ "A.M. Turing Award Laureate - Douglas Engelbart". amturing.acm.org. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  34. ↑ 2007 Turing Award Winners Announced
  35. ↑ Pearl, Judea (2011). The Mechanization of Causal Inference: A "mini" Turing Test and Beyond (mp4). ACM Turing Award Lectures. doi:10.1145/1283920. ISBN 978-1-4503-1049-9.
  36. ↑ "Judea Pearl". ACM.
  37. ↑ "Turing award 2012". ACM. Archived from the original on March 18, 2013.
  38. ↑ "Turing award 2013". ACM.
  39. ↑ Lamport, L. (1978). "Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 21 (7): 558–565. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.155.4742. doi:10.1145/359545.359563. S2CID 215822405.
  40. ↑ "Turing award 2014". ACM.
  41. ↑ Diffie, W.; Hellman, M. (1976). "New directions in cryptography" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 22 (6): 644–654. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.37.9720. doi:10.1109/TIT.1976.1055638.
  42. ↑ "Cryptography Pioneers Receive 2015 ACM A.M. Turing Award". ACM.
  43. ↑ "Turing award 2016". ACM.
  44. ↑ "Pioneers of Modern Computer Architecture Receive ACM A.M. Turing Award". ACM.
  45. ↑ Fathers of the Deep Learning Revolution Receive ACM A.M. Turing Award
  46. ↑ Pioneers of Modern Computer Graphics Recognized with ACM A.M. Turing Award – Hanrahan and Catmull’s Innovations Paved the Way for Today’s 3-D Animated Films. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  47. ↑ ACM Turing Award Honors Innovators Who Shaped the Foundations of Programming Language Compilers and Algorithms. Retrieved March 31, 2021.

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