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War of the First Coalition

The War of the First Coalition (French: [Guerre de la Première Coalition] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)) was a series of wars between 1792 and 1797. The wars were fought between several European countries. They were first fought against the constitutional Kingdom of France and then the French Republic.[18] The other countries did not fight together. There was very little agreement. Each country wanted a different part of France after a French defeat. This defeat never happened.[19]

War of the First Coalition
Part of the French Revolutionary Wars and the Coalition Wars

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Left to right, top to bottom:
Battles of Valmy, Toulon, Fleurus, Quiberon, Arcole and Mantua
Date20 April 1792 – 17 October 1797
(5 years, 5 months and 4 weeks)
Location
France, Central Europe, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, West Indies
Result

French victory; Treaty of The Hague, Treaty of Paris, Peaces of Basel, Treaty of Tolentino, Treaty of Campo Formio

Territorial
changes
  • French annexation of the Austrian Netherlands, the Left Bank of the Rhine, and other smaller territories
  • Santo Domingo to France
  • Several French "sister republics" established
  • End of millennial Venetian independence
    • Belligerents

    First Coalition:
    File:Prinsenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
    (until 1795)[1]
    22x20px Great Britain[2]
    22x20px Holy Roman Empire (until 1797)[3]

    23x15px Papal States (until 1797)[6]
    22x20px Parma (until 1796)
    22x20px Portugal
    22x20px Prussia (until 1795)[4]
    22x20px Sardinia (until 1796)[7]
    23x15px Spain (until 1795)[4]
    22x20px Naples (until 1796)
    Other Italian states[8]

    23x15px French Republic[9]

    French satellites:[10]

    French naval allies:

    Commanders and leaders
    Strength

    23x15px 1794:

    Casualties and losses
    23x15px 94,000 soldiers killed in combat[15]
    ~282,000 died of disease
    220,000 captured
    100,000 wounded[16]    		 23x15px 100,000 soldiers killed in combat
    ~300,000 died of disease
    150,000 captured[17][15]

    War Of The First Coalition Media

    • Ducado de Modena (antes de 1830).svg

      Ducado de Modena (antes de 1830)

    • Flag of Massa and Carrara.png

      Coats of arms of Massa and Carrara

    • Bandiera di Genova (3-2).svg

      Flag of Genoa

    • Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg

      Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice

    • State flag simple of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.svg

      State flag simple of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany

    • Flag of Monaco (state).svg

      State flag of Monaco. Manually drawn using this image as a reference.*This flag took me only one day to reconstruct, but it required a profound amount of effort to get all the details into the flag.

    • Les coalises evacuent Toulon en decembre 1793.jpg

      The British evacuation of Toulon in December 1793

    • Loutherbourg-La Victoire de Lord Howe.jpg

      Lord Howe's action or The Glorious First of June. Oil painting by Philip James de Loutherbourg (1795), National Maritime Museum.

    • Strategic Situation of Europe 1796.jpg

      Strategic situation in Europe in 1796

    References

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    1. ↑ Left the war after signing the Treaty of The Hague (1795) with France.
    2. ↑ Including the 23x15px Army of Condé
    3. ↑ Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, under Austrian rule, also encompassed many other Italian states, such as the Duchy of Modena and the Duchy of Massa. Left the war after signing the Peace of Leoben with France.
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Left the war after signing the Peace of Paris with France.
    6. ↑ Left the war after signing the Treaty of Tolentino with France.
    7. ↑ Left the war after signing the Treaty of Paris with France.
    8. ↑ Virtually all of the Italian states, including the neutral Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Venice, as well the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, were conquered following Napoleon's invasion in 1796 and became French satellite states. The Principality of Monaco had been annexed in 1793.
    9. ↑ Yet Template:Country data Kingdom of the French until 1792
    10. ↑ Including the File:POL COA Ciołek.svg Polish Legions formed in French-allied Italy in 1797, following the abolition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Third Partition in 1795.
    11. ↑ The French Revolutionary Army and Dutch revolutionaries overthrew the Dutch Republic and established the Batavian Republic as a puppet state in its place.
    12. ↑ Various conquered Italian states, including
      the Cisalpine Republic from 1797
    13. ↑ Re-entered the war against Britain as an ally of France after signing the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso.
    14. ↑ Lynn, John A. "Recalculating French Army Growth during the Grand Siecle, 1610-1715." French Historical Studies 18, no. 4 (1994): 881-906, p. 904. Only counting frontline army troops, not naval personnel, militiamen, or reserves; the National Guard alone was supposed to provide a reserve of 1,200,000 men in 1789.
    15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Victimario Histórico Militar Capítulo IV Guerras de la Revolución Francesa ( 1789 a 1815 )
    16. ↑ Micheal Clodfelter, "Warfare and Armed Conflicts A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015", 4th edition, MacFarland: 2017. Page 100.
    17. ↑ Clodfelter, p. 100.
    18. ↑ Holland 1911, Battle of Valmy.
    19. ↑ (in Dutch) Noah Shusterman – De Franse Revolutie (The French Revolution). Veen Media, Amsterdam, 2015. (Translation of: The French Revolution. Faith, Desire, and Politics. Routledge, London/New York, 2014.) Chapter 7 (p. 271–312) : The federalist revolts, the Vendée and the beginning of the Terror (summer–fall 1793).
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