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Belize

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Belize (/bəˈliːz/ ( listen)) is a country in Central America. It used to be called British Honduras, but changed its name in 1973. Long before that it was part of the Mayan Empire. Belize is the only English-speaking country in Central America.

Belize
Flag of Belize
Motto: 
Anthem: 
Location of  Belize  (dark green) in the Americas
Location of  Belize  (dark green)

in the Americas

CapitalBelmopan
17°15′N 88°46′W / 17.250°N 88.767°W / 17.250; -88.767
Official languagesEnglish
Ethnic groups
(2010)[1][2][a]
Religion
(2010[1][2])
Demonym(s)Belizean
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Charles III
Froyla Tzalam
Johnny Briceño
LegislatureNational Assembly
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Representatives
Independence 
from the United Kingdom
January 1964
• Independence
21 September 1981
• Republic
21 September 2021
Area
• Total
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value).[3] (147th)
• Water (%)
0.8
Population
• 2020 estimate
419,199[4] (176th)
• 2010 census
324,528[5]
• Density
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (169th)
GDP (PPP)2019 estimate
• Total
$3.484 billion[6]
• Per capita
$9,576[6]
GDP (nominal)2019 estimate
• Total
$1.987 billion[6]
• Per capita
$4,890[6]
Gini (2013)53.1[7]
high
HDI (2019)Decrease 0.716[8]
high · 110th
CurrencyBelize dollar (BZD)
Time zoneUTC-6 (CST (GMT-6)[9])
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code+501
ISO 3166 codeBZ
Internet TLD.bz

Some people in Belize speak Spanish or Kriol, but English is the official language and the most commonly spoken. This is because Belize is a former colony of the United Kingdom, while its neighbors were once colonies of Spain. Many people speak two languages.[10][11] Belize is a melting pot of cultures.

More than three hundred and thirty thousand (374,681 (2017))[12] people live in Belize. Kriols make up about 21% of the Belizean people. Three Maya groups now live in the country: the Yucatec, the Mopan, and Kekchi.[13] The Garinagu are a mix of African, Arawak, and Carib ancestry. There are also Mestizos.

Belmopan, which is near the centre of the country, is its capital. The first capital was Belize City. Other towns and cities include Belize City, Corozal Town, Orange Walk Town, Punta Gorda, Santa Elena/San Ignacio (known as the twin town) and San Pedro Town.

Belize is on the coast of the Caribbean Sea. There are about 450 islands. The largest island, Ambergris Caye, is forty kilometres long. Many other islands are very small. In the water around the islands are coral reefs.

The temperature along the coast is hot all year round. It typically ranges from 21 °C to 32 °C. Sometimes hurricanes hit, causing great damage.

Geography

 
A beach on Half Moon Caye, one of Belize's many islands.

Belize is on the Caribbean coast of northern Central America. It shares a border on the north with the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, on the west with the Guatemalan department of Petén, and on the south with the Guatemalan department of Izabal. To the east is the Caribbean Sea. The Belize Barrier Reef is along most of the 386 kilometres (240 mi) of predominantly marshy coastline. Belize have the second largest living barrier reef in the world.[14] The area of the country totals 22,960 square kilometres (8,865 sq mi). There are many lagoons along the coasts and in the northern part of the country. This makes the actual land area smaller at 21,400 square kilometres (8,263 sq mi).

The Hondo and the Sarstoon River make the northern and southern border.

The north of Belize is mostly flat, swampy coastal plains. In some places it is heavily forested. The south has the low mountain range of the Maya Mountains. The highest point in Belize is Doyle's Delight at 1,124 m (3,688 ft).[15] The Caribbean coast is lined with a coral reef and about 450 islets and islands.The islands are locally called cayes (pronounced "keys"). Three of only four coral atolls in the Western Hemisphere are off the coast of Belize.

Over 60% of Belize's land surface is covered by forest.[16] 20% is covered by cultivated land (agriculture) and human settlements.[17] There are also important mangrove ecosystems across Belize's landscape.[18][19]

Districts

 
Districts of Belize

Belize is divided into 6 districts. The districts are shown below with their areas (in km2) and number of people at the 2010 Census:

  1. Belize District 4,204 – 89,247
  2. Cayo District 5,338 – 73,202
  3. Corozal District 1,860 – 40,324
  4. Orange Walk District 4,737 – 45,419
  5. Stann Creek District 2,176 – 32,166
  6. Toledo District 4,649 – 30,538

Total areas and number of people 22,964 – 312,971

These districts are further divided into 31 constituencies.

Cities

The largest communities as of 2017 are:

No. Name Population Latitude/Longitude
1 Belize City, Belize 61,461 17.5 / -88.198
2 San Ignacio, Cayo 16,812 17.159 / -89.07
3 Orange Walk, Orange Walk 15,298 18.081 / -88.563
4 Belmopan, Cayo 13,381 17.25 / -88.767
5 Dangriga, Stann Creek 10,750 16.97 / -88.233
6 Corozal, Corozal 9,871 18.394 / -88.388
7 San Pedro Town, Belize 8,418 17.916 / -87.966
8 Benque Viejo el Carmen, Cayo 7,092 17.075 / -89.139
9 Punta Gorda, Toledo 5,205 16.098 / -88.81
10 Placencia, Stann Creek 4,300 16.514 / -88.366
11 Shipyard, Orange Walk 3,522 17.894 / -88.655
12 Valley of Peace, Cayo 1,809 17.335 / -88.835

Armed forces

The Belize Defence Force (BDF) is the military. It is responsible for protecting Belize. In 1997, the regular army had over 900 people, the reserve army 381, the air wing 45 and the maritime wing 36. This amounts to an overall strength of about 1400.[20] In 2005, the maritime wing became part of the Belizean Coast Guard.[21] In the same year, the government spent $1.2 million on the military. This is 1.87% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP).[12]

After Belize became independent in 1981 the United Kingdom kept some military in the country to protect it from invasion by Guatemala. The main British force left in 1994. This was three years after Guatemala said Belize was independent. The United Kingdom still keeps some military people in the country.[20] In 2011 the base was only 10 soldiers due to British budget cuts. They hope to reopen the base later.[22]

Culture

Cuisine

Belizean cuisine is inspired by British, Mexican and Western Caribbean cooking. Since Belize is a melting pot of culture, it has adopted dishes from many different countries. The basic ingredients are rice and beans. These are often eaten with chicken, pork, veal, fish or vegetables. Coconut milk and fried plantains are added to the dishes to create a truly tropical taste. Exotic ingredients include armadillo meat, venison, iguana, iguana egg, and fried paca. Conch soup is a traditional dish. It has a characteristic taste and thick consistency due to added okra, potatoes, yams, cassava flour and a touch of toasted habanero. Belizean food is almost always served alongside white rice in coconut milk.

The most common dishes that you will encounter in Belize are the following:

Mestizo- Tamales, Relleno, Escabeche, Empanades and many other corn food.

Creole- The famous Rice and Beans, sere, and other dishes with may include cassava and yam.

Sports

The major sports in Belize are football, basketball, volleyball and cycling. There are smaller followings of boat racing, track & field, softball and cricket. Fishing is also popular in areas of Belize. The Cross Country Cycling Classic is one of the most important Belize sports events. This one-day sports event is meant for amateur cyclists but has also gained a worldwide popularity.

On Easter day, citizens of Dangriga participate in a yearly fishing tournament. First, second, and third prize are awarded based on a scoring combination of size, species, and number. The tournament is broadcast over local radio stations. Prize money is awarded to the winners.

Belize's National Basketball Team is the only National Team to have major victories internationally.

National Symbols

Black Orchid

 
A black orchid

The black orchid (Encyclia Cochleatum) is the National Flower of Belize. This orchid grows on trees in damp areas, and flowers nearly all year round. Its clustered bulblike stems vary in size up to six inches long and carry two or three leaves.

The black orchid flower has greenish-yellow petals and sepals with purple blotches near the base. The "lip" (one petal of special construction, which is the flower's showiest) is shaped like a valve of a clamshell (hence the name Encyclia Cochleatum) and is deep purple-brown, almost black, with conspicuous radiating purple veins.


Mahogany Tree

 
Mahogany loggers, around 1930

The National Tree of Belize is the Mahogany Tree (Swietenia macrophylla), one of the magnificent giants of the Belize rain forest. It rises straight and tall to over a hundred feet. In the early months of the year, when the leaves fall and new red-brown growth appears, the tree can be seen from a great distance. The tree puts out a many small whitish flowers. The flowers blossom into dark fruits, which are pear-shaped capsules about six inches long. The mahogany tree matures in 60 to 80 years.

Keel Billed Toucan

 
The Keel Billed Toucan

The Keel Billed Toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) is the National Bird of Belize.[23] It is noted for its great, canoe-shaped bill and its brightly coloured green, blue, red and orange feathers. There are toucans in open areas of the country with large trees. It is mostly black with bright yellow cheeks and chest, red under the tail and a distinctive white patch at the base of the tail. They make a monotonous frog-like croak. Toucans like fruits. They eat by cutting with the serrated edge of their bills.

Tapir

The Tapir or Mountain Cow (Tapirello Bairdii) is the largest land mammal of the American tropics. The tapir is a stoutly built animal with short legs, about the size of a donkey and weighs up to 600 pounds. Its general color is dusty brown with a white fringe around the eyes and lips, white tipped ears and occasional white patches of fur on the throat and chest.

In spite of its local name, the tapir is not a cow. It is closely related to the horse and is also kin to the rhinoceros. The tapir is a vegetarian. It spends much of its time in water or mud shallows, and is a strong swimmer.

The National Animal is protected under the law thus the hunting of the tapir is illegal.

 
Tapir (Mountain Cow)

Belize Media

  • Instrumental recording of "God Save the King" the national anthem of the United Kingdom; the same tune is also used for "Oben am jungen Rhein", the national anthem of Liechtenstein.

  • Orthographic map of Belize centered at 17° N, 88.5° W.*  Official territory.*

  • Locator map of Belize.

  • Extent of the Maya civilization

  • An excerpt from the 1898 Gazette that declared 10 September an official holiday, Battle of St. George's Caye Day

  • Colonial flag of British Honduras, 1919–1981

  • A British Honduras postage stamp overprinted in 1962 to mark Hurricane Hattie

  • A British Royal Marine training in the jungle of Belize in 2017

Related pages

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Belize Population and Housing Census 2010: Country Report" (PDF). Statistical Institute of Belize. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-13. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Belize, People and Society, The World Factbook". CIA. 14 August 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  3. ↑ "Belize, Geography, The World Factbook". CIA. 14 August 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  4. ↑ "Population and Population Density 2010, Postcensal estimates". Statistical Institute of Belize. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  5. ↑ "Belize Population and Housing Census 2010: Country Report" (PDF). Statistical Institute of Belize. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Belize". International Monetary Fund.
  7. ↑ Income Gini coefficient. United Nations Development Programme. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/income-gini-coefficient. Retrieved 7 July 2019. 
  8. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  9. ↑ Belize (11 March 1947). "Definition of Time Act" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2020. Unusually, the legislation states that standard time is six hours later than Greenwich mean time.
  10. ↑ "2010 Census of Belize Overview". 2011. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  11. ↑ "2010 Census of Belize Detailed Demographics of 2000 and 2010". 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Belize" (PDF). 2010 Belize Housing and Population Census. Statistical Institute of Belize. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
  13. ↑ Cho, Julian (1998). Maya Homeland Archived 2010-02-03 at the Wayback Machine. University of California Berkeley Geography Department and the Toledo Maya of Southern Belize. Retrieved 4 January 2007.
  14. ↑ "Move to Belize Guide", Belize Travel Guide Archived 2012-10-21 at the Wayback Machine Mar, 2012.
  15. ↑ "BERDS Topography". Biodiversity.bz. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
  16. ↑ Cherrington, E.A., Ek, E., Cho, P., Howell, B.F., Hernandez, B.E., Anderson, E.R., Flores, A.I., Garcia, B.C., Sempris, E., and D.E. Irwin. (2010) “Forest Cover and Deforestation in Belize: 1980–2010.” Archived 2011-05-11 at the Wayback Machine Water Center for the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean. Panama City, Panama.
  17. ↑ "Biodiversity in Belize – Ecosystems Map". Biological-diversity.info. 23 August 2005. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
  18. ↑ Murray, M.R., Zisman, S.A., Furley, P.A., Munro, D.M., Gibson, J., Ratter, J., Bridgewater, S., Mity, C.D., and C.J. Place (2003). "The Mangroves of Belize: Part 1. Distribution, Composition and Classification". Forest Ecology and Management. 174: 265–279. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00036-1. Archived from the original on 2013-07-29. Retrieved 2012-08-05.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ Cherrington, E.A., Hernandez, B.E., Trejos, N.A., Smith, O.A., Anderson, E.R., Flores, A.I., and B.C. Garcia. 2010. "Identification of Threatened and Resilient Mangroves in the Belize Barrier Reef System." Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine Technical report to the World Wildlife Fund. Water Center for the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean (CATHALAC) / Regional Visualization & Monitoring System (SERVIR). 28 pp.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Dion E. Phillips, "The Military of Belize" http://www.cavehill.uwi.edu/bnccde/belize/conference/papers/phillips.html, 2002
  21. ↑ "Channel 5 Belize", Belizean Coast Guard hits the high seas Archived 2011-05-04 at the Wayback Machine 28 November 2005.
  22. ↑ Harding, Thomas (15 December 2010). Jungle training axed as Belize base shuts. London. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/8204320/Jungle-training-axed-as-Belize-base-shuts.html. Retrieved 12 April 2012. 
  23. ↑ "Keel Billed Toucan". Archived from the original on 2013-07-07. Retrieved 2013-08-02.

Notes

  1. ↑ Percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic origin.

Other websites

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