Great Rift Valley
The Great Rift Valley or East African Rift is a continuous geographical trench, about 6,000 kilometres (3,700 mi) in length, that runs from northern Syria in Southwest Asia to central Mozambique in East Africa. The rift is bordered by a series of mountains and active volcanoes. It is a site of faults and earthquakes.
Basically, the western part of Africa is rifting away from the eastern part. This causes all the geological activity at the Valley. Far in the future, a sea will run between these two parts of Africa. The Arabian peninsula is already almost separated. The whole process is part of plate tectonics. In eastern Africa, the valley divides into two, the Western Rift Valley and the Eastern Rift Valley.
There are about 20 UNESCO World Heritage Sites which owe their formation to the geography and geology of the Great Rift Valley.
The Western Rift Valley
The Western Rift is edged by some of the highest mountains in Africa. It contains the Rift Valley lakes, which include some of the deepest lakes in the world (up to 1,470 metres deep at Lake Tanganyika). Much of this area is inside national parks.
The African Great Lakes are a series of lakes formed by the tectonic action of the East African Rift. Most lie within its rift valley.. They include Lake Victoria, the second largest fresh water lake in the world in terms of surface area, and Lake Tanganyika, the world's second largest in volume as well as the second deepest.
The African Great Lakes are divided among three different catchments (river basins). Some, such as Lake Turkana, have internal drainage systems. The largest, in order of size from largest to smallest are:
- Lake Victoria
- Lake Tanganyika
- Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa)
- Lake Turkana (Lake Rudolf)
- Lake Albert
Eastern Rift Valley
The lakes in the Eastern Rift have no outlet to the sea and tend to be shallow, they have a high mineral content as the evaporation of water leaves the salts behind.
Lake Malawi (or Lake Nyasa: the name is disputed) is the most southern of the Great Lakes, and empties into the great Zambezi River via the Shire River.
Great Rift Valley Media
Map of the Great Rift Valley
The Great Rift Valley, Location: Uganda.
Map of the Great Rift Valley. English version. The background map and the locator map are raster images embedded into the SVG file.
The genesis of an ocean: in plate tectonics, the formation of an ocean starts with a rifting process in the crust as a result of mantle convection. A valley forms like the African Rift Valley beeing a recent example.
Satellite image of a graben in the Afar Depression
Map of East Africa showing some of the historically active volcanoes(red triangles) and the Afar Triangle (shaded, center) -- a so-called triple junction (or triple point), where three plates are pulling away from one another: the Arabian Plate, and the two parts of the African Plate (the Nubian and the Somali) splitting along the East African Rift Zone.*The red triangles show historically active volcanoes.
This Envisat radar image captures volcanoes dotted across the landscape in Tanzania, including the distinctive Ol Doinyo Lengai (at lower left), in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa. The Gelai Volcano (2942 m) is visible at the top, and the Kitumbeine volcano
Other websites
Media related to Great Rift Valley at Wikimedia Commons- The Ethiopian Rift Valley Archived 2019-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
- Rift! Geologic clues to what's tearing Africa apart (YouTube
