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Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands | |
|---|---|
 | |
Motto: | |
Anthem: | |
 Location of the Falkland Islands. | |
| Capital and largest city | Stanley 51°42′S 57°51′W / 51.700°S 57.850°W |
| Official languages | English |
| Demonym(s) | Falkland Islander |
| Government | British Overseas Territory[b] |
• Monarch | Elizabeth II |
• Governor | Nigel Haywood |
| Keith Padgett[1] | |
• Responsible Minister (UK) | Hugo Swire MP |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly |
| Establishment | |
| 1833 | |
| 1841 | |
| 1981[c] | |
| 2002 | |
| 2009 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 12,173 km2 (4,700 sq mi) (162nd) |
• Water (%) | 0 |
| Population | |
• 2012 estimate | 2,932[2] (220th) |
• Density | 0.26/km2 (0.7/sq mi) (241st) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2005 estimate |
• Total | $75 million (223rd) |
• Per capita | $55,400[3] (7th) |
| Currency | Falkland Islands pound[d] (FKP) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (FKST[e]) |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | 500 |
| ISO 3166 code | FK |
| Internet TLD | .fk |
| |
The Falkland Islands are a group of islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of South America. They are an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. Argentina disputes this, and claims their sovereignty.
The Falklands War was fought over their possession during Margaret Thatcher`s time as British Prime Minister. There are many islands in the group but the two biggest are East Falkland and West Falkland. As of the census of 2016, 3,398 people live on them. The people of the islands are British and speak English. The main income for the people is from fishing and sheep farming.
The Falkland Islands are about 300 miles (480 km) east of Argentina. Argentina and the UK had a short war in 1982 because Argentina claims to own the islands. The war lasted 6 weeks and about 1,000 soldiers were killed. The UK defeated Argentina and after this the governments of the two countries would not negotiate (talk) with each other. In 1990 they began to have talks again, but Argentina later refused to continue talks.
Oil and gas has been found below the sea around the islands. There is also oil and gas outside the sea area that belongs to the UK. This is owned by Argentina.
History
The islands were discovered and occupied by Europeans. They were not inhabited until 1754, when a French captain landed and founded Port Louie. The British landed in 1766 and created a settlement at Port Egmont on Saunders Island.[6] Spain discovered and captured Port Egmont in 1770. War was avoided by Spain giving it back to Britain in 1771.[7]
Later attempts by Spanish forces from the River Plate to seize Falklands were ended in 1833,[8] when British forces took control.[9] In 1840 the Falkland Islands became a Crown Colony of the British nation.
Modern times
The Falklands became a British Dependent Territory in 1981. This followed the British Nationality Act 1981. In 1983 the Falkland Islanders were granted British citizenship. On 18 April 1985 the Falkland Islands Constitution Order 1985 came into force which increased the number of elected members of the Legislative Council to eight. It guaranteed the Falkland Islanders' rights and constitutional arrangements.[10] In 1997 the constitution was amended with regard to voters rights. In 2002 the Falklands became a British Overseas Territory with the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. On 1 January 2009 the current constitution came into force with the Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008. This replaced the 1985 version. It was agreed on by the UK Government and the Falkland Islands Government. The new constitution provided for finance, the public service, the administration of justice, and a Complaints Commissioner.[11]
References
- ↑ Robertson, Janet (2012). New Chief Executive for Falkland Islands Governmen. http://www.penguin-news.com/index.php/news/politics/item/278-new-chief-executive~~~~-for-falkland-islands-government. Retrieved 6 March 2012.[dead link]
- ↑ "Falkland Islands Census 2012: Headline results". Falkland Islands Government. 10 September 2012. http://www.falklands.gov.fk/assets/Headline-Results-from-Census-2012.pdf. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ↑ 2002 estimate. "CIA World Factbook 2012". cia.gov. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fk.html. Retrieved 2013-01-04.
- ↑ Falkland Islands will remain on summer time throughout 2011. 31 March 2011. http://en.mercopress.com/2011/03/31/falkland-islands-will-remain-on-summer-time-throughout-2011. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
- ↑ Joshua Project. "Ethnic People Groups of Falkland Islands". Joshua Project. http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=FK. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- ↑ Toward Resolution?: The Falklands/Malvinas Dispute, ed. Wayne S Smith (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1991), p. 48
- ↑ Gibran, Daniel 1998. The Falklands War: Britain versus the past in the South Atlantic. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0406-3
Template-specific style sheet:
- ↑ At this time, Argentina did not exist.
- ↑ Graham-Yooll, Andrew 2002. Imperial skirmishes: war and gunboat diplomacy in Latin America. Oxford, England: Signal Books. ISBN 978-1-902669-21-2
Template-specific style sheet:
- ↑ Laver, Roberto. The Falklands/Malvinas Case: Breaking the Deadlock in the Anglo-Argentine Sovereignty Dispute. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. . https://books.google.com/books?id=cNKtX4mYVZUC&pg=PA237&dq=%22mike+summers%22+falklands+1949&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Z4pTU8PfGezb7AaXnIHABQ&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=1997&f=false. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- ↑ New Falklands constitution agreed. 2008-11-06. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7713948.stm. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
- L.L. Ivanov et al.. The Future of the Falkland Islands and Its People. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2003. 96 pp. ISBN 954-91503-1-3 (Capítulo principal en español)
Template-specific style sheet:
- Carlos Escudé y Andrés Cisneros, dir. Historia general de las relaciones exteriores de la República Argentina. Obra desarrollada y publicada bajo los auspicios del Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI). Buenos Aires: GEL/Nuevohacer, 2000. ISBN 950-694-546-2 (en castellano)
Template-specific style sheet:
- Graham Pascoe and Peter Pepper. Getting it right: The real history of the Falklands/Malvinas. Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine May 2008.
- D.W. Greig, Sovereignty and the Falkland Islands Crisis. Austrialian Year Book of International Law. Vol. 8 (1983). pp. 20–70. ISSN 0084-7658
Other websites
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Media related to Falkland Islands at Wikimedia Commons -
Falkland Islands travel guide from Wikivoyage - The Falkland Islands Constitution Order, 2008 Archived 2013-11-12 at the Wayback Machine
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