Latent autoimmune diabetes
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is similar to both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Like type 1 diabetes, LADA is an autoimmune disease of the pancreas. This means the body's immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that are supposed to make insulin. But LADA is also like type 2 diabetes, because it causes insulin resistance.[1] This means that insulin does not work as well as it should in a person's body.
Most people with latent autoimmune diabetes are thin or skinny or have a normal BMI, although some are overweight to slightly obese.[2][1]
LADA and diabetes
Differences between LADA and type 1 diabetes
The biggest difference between LADA and type 1 diabetes is that LADA has a gradual onset (it comes on slowly).
Also, people with type 1 diabetes cannot make insulin. But if they are given a shot of insulin, the insulin works and does its job in their bodies. But in people with LADA, even if they are given insulin, the insulin may not work as well as it should.
Differences between LADA and type 2 diabetes
Most people with LADA become insulin-dependent (have to inject insulin) within 3-15 years.[3][4] This is very different from type 2 diabetes. Only 20%-30% of type 2 diabetics end up being insulin-dependent.[5][6]
Another difference is that type 2 diabetes can happen to anyone at any age. But LADA does not affect children or teenagers. It usually affects people age 35 and older, but can affect anyone between 20-29 years of age.
With LADA, the pancreas cannot make insulin because the immune system is attacking its insulin-making cells. This does not happen in type 2 diabetes.
Contrary to popular belief, some people with LADA do have family members with type 2 diabetes.[7][8][9][10][11]
Diagnosis and treatment
People with LADA are sometimes misdiagnosed (diagnosed incorrectly) as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. A special blood test can prove what kind of diabetes a person has. The test looks for an antibody that only diabetics with LADA have. It is called a GAD antibody test.
People with LADA usually control their diabetes using very similar methods and changes of lifestyle to type 2 diabetes: eating right, exercising and oral medications; weight loss is optional. Unlike Type 2 diabetics who might never need to inject insulin, however, the LADA patients become insulin dependent within several years.
Complications
The complications of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults are highly similar to those for types 1 and 2 diabetes, like stroke, heart disease, gangrene, kidney trouble, and heart attacks.
Genes and antibodies
There are glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies connected with LADA. There are also TCF7L2 genes associated with Type 2 diabetes which are also connected with LADA.[12]
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Media
Destruction of Glutamate decarboxylase (pictured here) via autoantibodies is strongly linked with LADA type 1 diabetes.
Related pages
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pozzilli, Paolo; Di Mario, Umberto (2001). "Autoimmune Diabetes Not Requiring Insulin at Diagnosis (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of the Adult)". Diabetes Care. 24 (8): 1460–1467. doi:10.2337/diacare.24.8.1460. PMID 11473087. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
- ↑ LADA/Insulin Resistance . Diabetes Health. Report. Retrieved on April 10, 2010.
- ↑ "Prediction of Type I Diabetes". UCDenver.edu. Retrieved Mar 23, 2016.
- ↑ "Type 1.5 Diabetes". Bottom Line Health. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved Mar 23, 2016.
- ↑ LADA: A Little Known Type of Diabetes . Pharmacy Times. Report. Retrieved on January 27, 2010.
- ↑ "LADA". Action LADA. Archived from the original on January 25, 2010. Retrieved Apr 22, 2010.
- ↑ Radtke, Maria A.; Midthjell, K.; Nilsen, T. I.; Grill, V. (February 2009). "Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults". Diabetes Care. American Diabetes Association. 32 (2): 245–250. doi:10.2337/dc08-1468. PMC 2628687. PMID 19001190. Retrieved Jan 26, 2010.
- ↑ "What is LADA". Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
- ↑ Dunn, J. P.; Perkins, J. M.; Jagasia, S. M. (2008). "Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Pregnancy: Foretelling the Future". Clinical Diabetes. 26: 44–46. doi:10.2337/diaclin.26.1.44.
- ↑ Carlsson, S.; Midthjell, K.; Grill, V. (2007). "Family History and LADA". Diabetes Care. 30 (12): 3040–3045. doi:10.2337/dc07-0718. PMID 17878245. S2CID 18376128. Retrieved Jan 23, 2010.
- ↑ Naik, Ramachandra G.; Brooks-Worrell, Barbara M.; Palmer, Jerry P. (2009). "Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. JCEM. 94 (12): 4635–4644. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1120. PMID 19837918.
- ↑ "What is LADA". Blood Sugar 101. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2009.