Latin Empire
The Latin Empire was a feudal crusader state. It was created during the Fourth Crusade on the land captured from the Byzantine Empire. Originally, the crusaders were told to retake the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem. Instead of doing that, the crusaders looted and captured Constantinople.
Latin Empire Imperium Constantinopolitanum Imperium Romaniae Imperium Romanorum | |||||||||||||||
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1204–1261[note 1] | |||||||||||||||
Capital | Constantinople | ||||||||||||||
Common languages | Latin, Old French (official) Greek (popular) | ||||||||||||||
Religion | Latin Catholic (official) Greek Orthodox (popular) | ||||||||||||||
Government | Feudal Christian Monarchy | ||||||||||||||
Emperor | |||||||||||||||
• 1204–1205 | Baldwin I | ||||||||||||||
• 1206–1216 | Henry | ||||||||||||||
• 1216–1217 | Peter | ||||||||||||||
• 1219–1228 | Robert I | ||||||||||||||
• 1229–1237 | John | ||||||||||||||
• 1228–1261 | Baldwin II | ||||||||||||||
Historical era | High Middle Ages | ||||||||||||||
• | 1204 | ||||||||||||||
• Joint Nicean-Bulgarian campaign against Empire | 1235 | ||||||||||||||
• | 1261[note 1] | ||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||
1204 est.[1] | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). | ||||||||||||||
1209 est.[1] | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). | ||||||||||||||
1228 est.[1] | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). | ||||||||||||||
1260 est.[1] | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). | ||||||||||||||
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Today part of | Turkey Greece Bulgaria |
History
Fourth crusade
In 1202, Pope Innocent III called for the crusaders to retake the Holy Land from the Abbasid. Due to financial problems, the crusaders were not able to reach their original goals. Crusaders and the Venetians attacked and looted the Catholic city of Zara, Croatia. Soon after this, they were excommunicated by the pope.
Crusaders and the Venetians later decided to go to Constantinople. In 1203, the Crusaders besieged Constantinople. A year later they looted and captured the city.
Latin Empire
In 1204, Baldwin IX of Flanders was crowned the Latin Emperor of Constantinople in Hagia Sophia. Baldwin did not reign for long. He was captured in the Battle of Adrianople while fighting the Bulgarians.
Latin Empire Media
Seal of Philip of Courtenay, Latin Emperor in exile 1273–1283. His title in the seal is Dei gratia imperator Romaniae et semper augustus ("By the Grace of God, Emperor of Romania, ever august").
Seal of Baldwin I, the first Latin Emperor. The abbreviation Rom. leaves it open to interpretation if he refers to Romaniae ("Romania") or Romanorum ("the Romans").
A 19th century tomb marker of the probable location of the tomb of Enrico Dandolo, the leader of the Fourth Crusade and Doge of Venice, inside the Hagia Sophia
Capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204.
Despotate of Epirus, one of the Greek successor states of the Byzantine Empire
Notes
- ↑ The Byzantines retook Constantinople under Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1261. Latin possessions remained in Greece until the Ottoman Empire took the Duchy of the Archipelago in 1579. The other Latin principalities followed a lineage of Latin Emperors until the death of James of Baux in 1383.
- ↑ Arms used by Philip of Courtenay. He held the title of Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1273–1283. This design was sometimes said to be the "arms of the emperors of Constantinople" in early modern heraldry.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matanov, Hristo (2014). В търсене на средновековното време. Неравният път на българите (VII - XV в.)(in Bulgarian). IK Gutenberg. ISBN 9786191760183.
- ↑ Hubert de Vries, Byzantium: Arms and Emblems (hubert-herald.nl) (2011).