Nation state

Template:Basic Forms of government The nation state is a form of state that rules mainly one nation. The state is a political entity (the government, etc.); the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity. The term "nation state" means that both are on the same territory, which distinguishes the nation state from the other types of states that have existed.

Examples

Clear examples of nation states include:

• Iceland: although the inhabitants of Iceland are ethnically related to other Scandinavian groups, the national culture and language are found only in Iceland. There are no cross-border minorities since the nearest land is too far away.
• Japan: Traditionally seen as a good example of a nation-state, Japan includes minorities of ethnically distinct Ryūkyū peoples, Koreans; Chinese; and, on the northern island of Hokkaidō, the indigenous Ainu minority. See also Japanese Demographics .
• Portugal: although surrounded by other lands and people, the Portuguese nation has occupied the same territory for almost 900 years. A long time ago, Portugal was formed from groups of people that were previously separate. They all passed through and settled in the area that later became Portugal. They included native Iberian peoples, Celts, ancient Mediterraneans (Greeks, Phoenicians, Romans), Germanic peoples like the Suebi and the Visigoths, the later invading Berbers and Arabs, and Jews.

Before nation-states

Division of the Austro-Hungarian Empire into nation states in 1918 grey solid line: Border of Austria-Hungary in 1914; black solid line: Borders in 1914; red solid : Borders in 1920;      Empire of Austria in 1914      Kingdom of Hungary in 1914      Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1914

In Europe, in the 18th century, the classic non-national states were empires of many ethnicities, (Austria-Hungary, the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the French Empire and the British Empire).

Characteristics

• Nation states have a different attitude to their territory from dynastic monarchies. No nation would swap territory with other states simply, for example, because the king's daughter got married.
• They have a different type of border that is mostly defined by where the cultural/ethnic (nation) group settles, but many nation states have also had borders based on geography like rivers and mountain ranges.
• The most noticeable characteristic is how much nation states use the state as an instrument of national unity in economic, social and cultural life.

Nation State Media

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  Portrait of "The Ratification of the Treaty of Münster", one of the treaties leading to the Peace of Westphalia, where the concept of the "nation state" was born

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  The Revolutions of 1848 were democratic and liberal, intending to remove the old monarchical structures and creating independent nation-states.

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  Dissolution of the multiethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire (1918)

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  The Holy Roman Empire was a limited elective monarchy composed of hundreds of state-like entities.

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  Changes in national boundaries after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and breakup of Yugoslavia

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  Map of territorial changes in Europe after World War I (as of 1923)

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  Ethnolinguistic map of mainland China and Taiwan

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  School map of Spain from 1850. On it, the State is divided into four parts:- "Fully constitutional Spain", which includes Castile and Andalusia, and the Galician-speaking territories.

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  The Greater German Reich under Nazi Germany in 1943

Further reading

• Hobsbawm, Eric J. (1992). Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43961-2.
• White, Philip L. (2006). "Globalization and the Mythology of the Nation State," In A.G.Hopkins, ed. Global History: Interactions Between the Universal and the Local Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 257–284. [2]

Related pages

• City-state
• Ethnic group
• Nation
• Nationalism
• Secession
• Sovereignty
• State

Other websites

• From Paris to Cairo: Resistance of the Unacculturated Archived 2010-12-09 at the Wayback Machine (Identity and the Nation state)