Krakatoa
Krakatoa (Indonesian name: Krakatau) is an active volcano in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. There are many different ways the name has been spelled. The volcano has erupted repeatedly in known history. The best known of these events occurred in late August 1883.
 An 1888 lithograph of the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. | |
| Prominence | 813 m (2,667 ft) |
|---|---|
| Location | |
| Location | Indonesia |
| Geology | |
| Type | Caldera |
| Last eruption | February 3, 2022 |
On 22 December 2018 the central cone collapsed and caused a tsunami in the Sunda Strait. More than 400 people were killed.[1]
The 1883 eruption
The 1883 eruption ejected more than six cubic miles (25 cubic kilometers) of rock, ash, and pumice,[2] and made the loudest sound ever recorded by human beings. The sound was heard as far away as Perth in Australia (3,500 km; 2,200 miles), and the island of Rodrigues near Mauritius (4,800 km; 3,000 miles).[3] Many thousands of people were killed and injured by the eruption, mostly in the tsunami (giant wave) which followed the explosion.
The pressure wave from the final explosion was recorded on barographs around the world, which continued to register it up to 5 days after the explosion. The recordings show that the shock wave from the final explosion reverberated around the globe seven times.[4]:9
The eruption destroyed two-thirds of what was then the island of Krakatoa. New eruptions at the volcano since 1927 have built a new island, called Anak Krakatau (child of Krakatoa).
Krakatoa Media
Map of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia.
Simon Winchester maintains that the 1680 eruption was depicted in this eighteenth-century Dutch etching.[5]
Evolution of the Krakatoa archipelago from 1880 to 2018. Note the continuing growth of Anak Krakatoa ("Child of Krakatoa") after 1927.
In 2004, an astronomer suggested that the blood-red sky shown in Edvard Munch's famous 1893 painting The Scream depicts the sky over Norway after the eruption.
Krakatoa featured in 100-rupiah banknote
In 1780, crew members of HMS Discovery found the island as a friendly place whose vegetation was dense and lush; illustration by John Webber (1751–1793)
Large fan palm in the island; illustration by John Webber (1751–1793)
Related pages
References
- ↑ Amos, Jonathan 2018. Anak Krakatau: Indonesian volcano's dramatic collapse. BBC News Science & Environment. [1]
- ↑ "Scholastic.com - Online Activities: Weather Watch". teacher.scholastic.com.
- ↑ How Krakatoa made the biggest bang. London. 2006-05-03. http://news.independent.co.uk/world/science_technology/article361665.ece. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
- ↑ Symons G.J., ed. (2007). 'The eruption of Krakatoa and subsequent phenomena' (Report of the Krakatoa Committee of the Royal Society). London, 1888. Trübner & Company. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
- ↑ Winchester 2003, p. 136.