Western Sahara
Western Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الغربية; Amazigh: Tanẓṛuft Tutrimt; Spanish: Sahara Occidental) is a territory in north Africa. To the north is Morocco, to the east is Algeria, to the south is Mauritania, and to the west is the Atlantic Ocean. Its surface is 266,000 square kilometres (103,000 sq mi). It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world. Most of the territory is made of desert flatlands. The largest city is Laâyoune. More than half the population live there. The territory has a population estimated at just more than 500,000.[5]
Western Sahara الصحراء الغربية (in Arabic) Sahara Occidental (in Spanish) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Capital | El Aaiún (Al âyoune)[1][2][3][4] |
| Official languages | see respective claimants |
| Berber and Hassaniya Arabic are locally spoken. Spanish and French are widely used. | |
| Demonym(s) | Western Saharan |
| Disputed sovereignty1 | |
• Relinquished by Spain | 14 November 1975 |
| Area | |
• Total | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (76th) |
• Water (%) | negligible |
| Population | |
• 2009 estimate | 513,000[5] (168th) |
• Density | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (237th) |
| Currency | Moroccan Dirham (in the Morocco-controlled zone) Algerian Dinar with the Sahrawi Peseta being commemorative and not circulating (in the SADR-controlled zone)[6] (MAD) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 |
| Calling code | +212 (Tied with Morocco) |
| ISO 3166 code | EH |
| Internet TLD | None. .eh reserved, not officially assigned. |
1 Mostly under administration of Morocco as its Southern Provinces. The Polisario Front controls border areas behind the border wall as the Free Zone, on behalf of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. | |
Western Sahara has been on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories since the 1960s when it was a Spanish colony.[7] The Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front, with its Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) government, both claim control over the territory.
Since 1975, most of the territory has been part of Morocco. In 1973, some Sahrawis claimed the Moroccans and Mauritanians were occupying their land and started a movement. The movement turned violent, and the United Nations brokered a ceasefire in 1991. Many Polisario members and their families became refugees in camps in Algeria.[8] The rest of Western Sahara is controlled by the Polisario/SADR, backed by Algeria.[9] Many important countries have pressed both parties to agree to a peaceful solution. Both Morocco and Polisario have tried to get recognition from other countries. Polisario has won formal recognition for SADR from 81 states, and was extended membership in the African Union, while Morocco has won recognition for its position from the Arab League.[10][11] In both instances, recognitions have over the past two decades been extended and withdrawn according to changing international trends.
Some countries (such as the United States) recognizes Morocco's sovereignty on Western Sahara, others claim that the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic are the legitimate government in Western Sahara. Most nations remain neutral on the subject. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was made by the Polisario Front an armed militia fighting under Sahrawi nationalism.
Western Sahara Media
Intermittent lake Dait Um Saad
This map by Ernest George Ravenstein (1834-1913) appeared in the London Geographical Magazine in 1876. Ravenstein was a British geographer and fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
Spanish and French protectorates in Morocco and Spanish Sahara, 1912
System of the Moroccan Walls in Western Sahara set up in the 1980s
Commemoration of the 30th independence day from Spain in the Liberated Territories (2005)
A demonstration in Madrid for the independence of Western Sahara
A MINURSO car (left), and a post of the Polisario Front (right) in 2017 in southern Western Sahara
A Moroccan police checkpoint in the suburbs of Laayoune
A sangar (fortification) from the Western Sahara conflict. The fortification is built of rocks on top of a mesa overlooking the Grart Chwchia, Al Gada, Western Sahara. The Sangar is facing north and was probably built by the Sahrawis in the 1980s.
Sahrawi human rights defender Ali Salem Tamek in Ait Meloul Prison, Morocco
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References
- ↑ "Regions and territories: Western Sahara". BBC. 9 November 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3466917.stm. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
- ↑ "Q&A: Western Sahara clashes". BBC. 8 November 2010. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11712267. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
- ↑ Jensen, Erik (2005). Western Sahara: Anatomy Of A Stalemate. International Peace Academy Occasional Paper Series. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 48. ISBN 1588263053.
- ↑ "Western Sahara". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009). "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). 2008 revision. United Nations. Retrieved 12 March 2009.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ Ahmed R. Benchemsi and Mehdi Sekkouri Alaoui. "Au cœur du polisario". Telquel. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2011. "Tout cela se paie en dinars algériens"
- ↑ Whitfield, Teresa. Friends Indeed?: The United Nations, Groups of Friends, and the Resolution of Conflict. 2007, page 191.
- ↑ Conor Gaffey (March 9, 2016). Western Sahara: What is the 40-Year Dispute All About?. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/western-sahara-morocco-algeria-polisario-front-435170. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ↑ Baehr, Peter R. The United Nations at the End of the 1990s. 1999, page 129.
- ↑ Arab League supports Morocco's Territorial Integrity Archived 2012-09-07 at the Wayback Machine, Arabic News, Morocco-Regional, Politics, January 8, 1999. Retrieved August 24, 2006.
- ↑ Arab League Withdraws Inaccurate Moroccan maps Archived 2013-10-22 at the Wayback Machine, Arabic News, Regional-Morocco, Politics, December 17, 1998. Retrieved August 24, 2006.
Other websites
Media related to Western Sahara at Wikimedia Commons