Salzburg

Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Criteria	Cultural: ii, iv, vi
Reference	784
Inscription	1996 (20th Session)
Area	236 ha
Buffer zone	467 ha

	; ; Flag Coat of arms
	Coordinates: 47°48′0″N 13°02′0″E / 47.80000°N 13.03333°ECoordinates: 47°48′0″N 13°02′0″E / 47.80000°N 13.03333°E
Country	Austria
State	Salzburg
District	Statutory city
Government
• Mayor	Harald Preuner (ÖVP)
Elevation	424 m (1,391 ft)
Population (1 October 2020)
• Total	157,245
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	5020
Vehicle registration	S
Website	www.stadt-salzburg.at

Salzburg (German pronunciation: [ˈsaltsbʊɐ̯k]; German: [ˈzaltsbʊɐ̯k] ( listen);^{[note 1]} literally "Salt Fortress"; Austro-Bavarian: Soizbuagcode: bar is deprecated ) is the capital and also a district of the Austrian state of Salzburg or Salzburgerland. The population is about 150,000 and is the 4th largest city of Austria.

Its most famous citizen was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Another famous inhabitant of Salzburg was the physicist Christian Doppler who found the Doppler effect which was named after him.

The Salzach river crosses the city. The old town was adopted by the UNESCO as World Heritage Site in 1996. Known is Salzburg also for being one of the settings for the movie "The Sound of Music" which based on the musical by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein.

History

People lived in Salzburg since the New Stone Age till present. The oldest finding in the city area is dated around 4500 B.C. From 15 B.C. onwards after the Roman occupation the city was called Iuvavum. The roman city was in today's old town around the Waagplatz. The city became an important place from the east to the province of Germania. The Romans left on the beginning of the barbarian migration around 500. Up to 696 only little can be said about the history. In 696 the city was given to bishop Rupert by Duke Theodo II. of Bavaria.

Rupert was ordered by the Duke to bring Christianity to the east and southeast of his country. Rupert founded the monastery St. Peter and for women the monastery Nonnberg. 739 Salzburg became the seat of a bishop and 774 the first cathedral was built. 998 Salzburg became archbishopric ruling the whole Bavarian area.

In the Middle Ages Salzburg became wealthy by the trade with salt from the nearby Dürnberg in Hallein. Till the 14th century Salzburg became independent from Bavaria and was a state within the Holy Roman Empire. The citizens of Salzburg were under the command of the archbishop unlike other cities in the empire. In the baroque era the look of today's city was shaped. The cathedral was rebuilt in the baroque style. Most of the architects came from Italy. 1622 a university was founded. Due to the fact that it was a catholic state Protestants had a severe standing in Salzburg. Yet 1731 Protestants, who came not back to the catholic belief had do leave Salzburg within eight days.

In the early 19th century Napoleon Bonaparte promoted the Duchy of Salzburg, than later was a part of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Then, Salzburg was annexed by Austria, returned to Bavarian and divided between Bavaria and Austria. 1918 Salzburg became a federal state of the new Republic of Austria.

In 1938, Germany annexed Austria and Salzburg was a part of Germany. In 1945, when Austria was independent from Germany. It became a federal state again.

Urban districts

Map of Salzburgs districts

Urban districts (Stadtteile):

Aigen
Altstadt
Elisabeth-Vorstadt
Gneis
Gneis-Süd
Gnigl
Itzling
Itzling-Nord
Kasern
Langwied
Lehen
Leopoldskron-Moos
Liefering
Maxglan
Maxglan-West
Morzg
Mülln
Neustadt
Nonntal
Parsch
Riedenburg
Salzburg-Süd
Taxham
Schallmoos

Mayors of the city since it became part of Austria

1816 - 1875

1875 - 1919

1919 bis 1945

Josef Preis 1919 - 1927
Max Ott 1927 - 1935
Richard Hildmann 1935 - 1938
Anton Giger, 1938 - 1945 - „Oberbürgermeister der Gauhauptstadt Salzburg“ during Nazi occupation

1945 bis 1999

Mayor elected directly by the people from 1999 onwards

Heinz Schaden since 1999

Monuments

Salzburg is a World Heritage. There are some places of interest like:

Altstadt (Old City) with
- Franziskaner church
- Cathedral
- Getreidegasse
- Residenz(here the archbishop had his residence)
- Residenzplatz with Residenz fountain
- Kollegienkirche (University church)
- Festspielhaus
- Pferdeschwemme
- St. Peter's cemetery
- Fortress Hohensalzburg

Other places of interest

Mirabell Palace with Mirabell Garden
Augustiner Bräustübl Mülln (beer garden of the Augustiner brewery)
Hellbrunn palace

St. Peters cemetery
Festspielhaus
Fortress Hohensalzburg
Kollegienkirche
Fountain on the Residenzplatz
Getreidegasse
Mirabell gardens with fortress in the background
Schloss Mirabell and gardens

Famous citizens

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, composer
Gerhard Amanshauser, writer
Gerd Bacher, journalist
Christian Doppler, mathematician and physicist
Herbert von Karajan, conductor
Angelika Kirchschlager, singer
Genia Kühmeier, singer
Hans Makart, painter
Georg Trakl, lyric poet
Irma von Troll-Borostyáni, early feminist

Sister cities

Reims, France, since 1964
Atlanta, USA, since 1967
Verona, Italy, since 1973
Dresden, Germany, since 1991
Kawasaki, Japan, since 1992
Merano, Italy, since 2000
Shanghai, China, since 2004
Bern, Switzerland, since 2006

Salzburg Media

In the 8th century the Benedictine monastery of Nonnberg was founded for Erentrudis, who was later canonized.
Salzburg in 1914; cathedral on the left, Hohensalzburg Fortress in the background
Young Austrians at celebrations just after the Anschluss, March 1938
Eastern view of the Salzburg Basin with the city of Salzburg in the centre
View from Mönchsberg (left to right), Kollegienkirche (right behind Salzburger Dom), Franziskanerkirche, St Peter's Abbey, Salzburg and, in the background, Hohensalzburg Fortress
View from Hohensalzburg Fortress