Soviet deportation of Koreans
The Soviet deportation of Koreans[a] refers to the mass deportation of 172,000 Koreans from the Russian Far East to unpopulated areas of the Soviet-occupied Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan by the NKVD.[1][2]
| Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union | |
|---|---|
 Map of the deportation of Korean people from the Russian Far East to the Soviet Central Asia Kazakh SSR and Uzbek SSR | |
| Location | Primorsky Krai |
| Date | September–October 1937 |
| Attack type | Ethnic cleansing[1][2] |
| Deaths | Several estimates 1) 16,500[3] 2) 28,200[4] 3) 40,000[5] 4) 50,000[6] (16.3%–25% of Koreans in the Soviet Union)[7] |
| Perpetrator(s) | NKVD |
Overview
The mass deportation was ordered by Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin (1878–1953), and Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union Vyacheslav Molotov (1890–1986).[1][2] It happened between September and October 1937.[1][2]
The Korean deportees were transported 6,400 km to Soviet-occupied Central Asia under the pretext of "stem[ming] the infiltration of Japanese espionage into the Far Eastern Krai".[1][2] As many as 50,000 Korean deportees died as a result.[1][2]
In 1953, Nikita Khrushchev (1894–1971), despite condemning the excess of Stalinism, did not condemn the deportation of Koreans during his attempted de-Stalinization.[1][8]
Casualties
As many as 50,000 Korean deportees are estimated to have died as a result of the deportation.[1][2] Common causes of death were hunger and sickness.[9] The death rate lied between 16.3% and 25%.[7]
Academic views
Despite not comparable to the Holocaust, some historians classify the Soviet deportation of Koreans as the first instance of Soviet deportation on the basis of ethnicity,[8] while some consider it one of the many Soviet crimes against humanity qualifiable as a genocide.[7]
Soviet Deportation Of Koreans Media
Train car used for the Soviet deportations
Deported Koreans from the Soviet Far East at a collective farm in the Uzbek SSR (1937)
Learning Korean at the Korean Center in Kazakhstan in 2010
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Related pages
Footnotes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedA. - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedB. - ↑ "Korea: In the World – Uzbekistan". Gwangju News. October 10, 2013. https://gwangjunewsgic.com/features/korea-in-the-world-uzbekistan/. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
- ↑ D.M. Ediev. Demograficheskie poteri deportirovannykh narodov SSSR (2004). Stavropol: Polit.ru. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
- ↑ Rywkin (1994), p. 67.
- ↑ Saul (2014), p. 105.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2
- Tolz, Vera. World War 2 and the Soviet People: Selected Papers from the Fourth World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies (1993). New York City: Springer. ISBN 9781349227969.
- Chang, Jon K.. Tsarist continuities in Soviet nationalities policy: A case of Korean territorial autonomy in the Soviet Far East, 1923–1937. Eurasia Studies Society of Great Britain & Europe Journal 3 (2014). p. 32–33.
- Wong, Tom. Rights, Deportation, and Detention in the Age of Immigration Control (2015). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804793063.
- Chang, Jon K.. Burnt by the Sun: The Koreans of the Russian Far East (2018a). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824876746.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ellman, Michael. Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments. Europe-Asia Studies 54 (7) (2002). p. 1151–1172. doi:10.1080/0966813022000017177.
- ↑ Human Rights Watch. Punished Peoples" of the Soviet Union: The Continuing Legacy of Stalin's Deportations (1991). New York City. OCLC 25705762.
