Soviet deportation of Greeks
Just as many other ethnic minorities within the Soviet Union,[2][3] Greeks were also persecuted by the totalitarian regime of Joseph Stalin (1878–1953).[1]
| Soviet deportation of Greeks | |
|---|---|
| Date | Between 1930s and 1949[1] |
| Attack type | Ethnic cleansing[1] |
| Deaths | 18.8%–21.4% of Greeks in the Soviet Union[1] |
| Perpetrator(s) | Soviet Union[1] |
Events
Crimea, Krasnodar Krai, Rostov, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan (home regions of the deportees)
Between the 1930s and 1949, Greek schools, cultural centres and publishing houses were banned from operating,[1] while all Greek men older than 16 years old were deported to forced settlements that took the form of cattle trains.[1] One of the Greek victims said:[4]
The whole village, almost 200 families, was deported, here, to the Pakhtaral region in 1949 [...] eight or ten families in each freight car, with the animals [...] most of the people were dying of diarrhea.
Casualties
70,000‒80,000 Greeks were victims of such deportation and 15,000 did not survive,[1] a death rate between 18.8% and 21.4%.[1] The surviving Greeks were not allowed to return to their original homes until the MVD Order N 0402 was adopted on September 25, 1956.[5] Some survivors moved to Greece.[5]
Aftermath
The Soviet deportation of Greeks has been classified as a genocide by some historians.[1]
Related pages
Footnotes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9
- Rummel, R. J.. Death by Government (in en) (1997)Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56000-927-6.
- Photiades, Kostas. Ο ελληνισμός της Ρωσίας και της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης (in el) (1999)Ekdoseis Irodotos. ISBN 978-960-7290-66-3.
- Gkikas, Anastasis. Οι Έλληνες στη διαδικασία οικοδόμησης του σοσιαλισμού στην ΕΣΣΔ (in el) (2007). Athens: Syghxroni Epoxi. ISBN 978-960-451-056-6.
- Το πογκρόμ κατά των Ελλήνων της ΕΣΣΔ, ΕΛΛΑΔΑ, 09.12.2007
- Pratsinakis, Manolis (2013). The Greek diaspora in the Soviet Union. University of Amsterdam. pp. 45–68. https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/1780979/123163_08.pdf.
- ↑
- Worldwide Recognition of the Holodomor as Genocide. Holodomor Museum (November 24, 2007). Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- Boriak. Hennadii 30 (2008)Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. p. 199–215. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- Bezo, Brent. Living in “survival mode:” Intergenerational transmission of trauma from the Holodomor genocide of 1932–1933 in Ukraine. Social Science & Medicine 134 (April 15, 2015). doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.009. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- Andriewsky, Olga. Towards a decentred history: The study of the Holodomor and Ukrainian historiography. East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 2 (1) (2015). doi:10.21226/T2301N. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- Mills, Claire. Ukrainian Holodomor and the war in Ukraine. House of Commons Library (March 3, 2023). Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- Holodomor | Holocaust and Genocide Studies | College of Liberal Arts. University of Minnesota Twin Cities. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ↑
- Vatchagaev, Mairbek. Remembering the 1944 Deportation: Chechnya’s Holocaust. North Caucasus Weekly 8 (8) (1970). Retrieved March 19, 2025.
- Mawdsley, Evan. The Stalin Years: The Soviet Union, 1929–1953 (1998)Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719046001.
- Brauer, Birgit. Chechens and the survival of their cultural identity in exile. Journal of Genocide Research 4 (3) (2002). p. 387–400. doi:10.1080/14623520220151970. Retrieved December 21, 2024.
- Aurélie, Campana. The Massive Deportation of the Chechen People. Science Po (November 5, 2007). Retrieved March 19, 2025.
- "In the 1939-1941 period alone, Soviet-inflicted suffering on all citizens in Poland exceeded that of Nazi-inflicted suffering on all citizens. (...) The Soviet-imposed myth about "Communist heroes of resistance" enabled them for decades to avoid the painful questions faced long ago by other Western countries." Johanna Granville, H-Net Review of Jan T. Gross. Revolution from Abroad.
- Sterio, Milena. Katyn Forest Massacre: Of Genocide, State Lies, and Secrecy. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 44 (3) (2012). Retrieved March 11, 2025.
- ↑ Voutira, Eftihia. The 'Right to Return' and the Meaning of 'Home': A Post-Soviet Greek Diaspora Becoming European? (in en-us) (2011)LIT Verlag Münster. ISBN 9783643901071.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bugay, Nikolay. The Deportation of Peoples in the Soviet Union (1996). New York City: Nova Publishers. ISBN 9781560723714. OCLC 36402865.
