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Holodomor

The Holodomor (Ukrainian: Голодомор, which means "murder by hunger") was a man-made famine that happened in Ukraine in 1932 and in 1933. It is also known as the Terror-Famine or Great Famine. At that time, Ukraine was a part of the Soviet Union. About seven million people starved to death in the Holodomor.[2]

Holodomor
Голодомор
HolodomorKharkiv 1933 Wienerberger.jpg
Starved peasants on a street in Kharkiv, 1933
CountrySoviet Union
LocationCentral and eastern Ukraine
Period1932–1933
Total deaths7.5 million - 13 million.
Observations
ReliefForeign relief rejected by the State. Respectively 176,200 and 325,000 tons of grains provided by the State as food and seed aids between February and July 1933.[1]

Joseph Stalin was the leader and dictator of the Soviet Union, which was a communist country. He made farmers in the Soviet Union change the way they farmed, then he tried to make the farmers work harder for the government-owned farms, for less money.[3] Many people in Ukraine did not want to go along with this. When Ukraine had a famine, Stalin refused to help the people in Ukraine. Instead, the government took food away from people. It became illegal (against the law) to pick up food from the ground of fields.[4] The government also tried to stop people from moving around the country to look for food.

Scholars and politicians using the word Holodomor say the man-made aspects of the famine, was a genocide; some consider the huge loss of life comparable to the Holocaust.[5] They argue that the Soviet policies were an attack on the rise of Ukrainian nationalism and therefore is a genocide.[6][7][8][9][10]

Recognition of the Holodomor as a genocide by countries:      Officially recognized as an act of genocide      Officially condemned as an act of extermination      Officially not recognized as an act of genocide

Other scholars say that the Holodomor was an unexpected consequence of the rapid and massive industrialization started by Stalin, that brought radical economic changes to the farmers and the country, and which was not done on purpose.[8][11][12]

Images of Holodomor victims

  • Passers-by ignore the corpse of a starved man on a street in Kharkiv, Ukraine, 1932

  • Passers-by ignore corpses of starved peasants on a street in Kharkiv, Ukraine, 1933

  • Children are digging up frozen potatoes in the field of a collective farm in Udachne village, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, 1933

Images of Holodomor memorials

  List of countries which officially recognize the Holodomor as genocide

  Andorra,   Argentina,   Australia,   Belgium,   Brazil,   Bulgaria,   Canada,   Colombia,   Czech Republic,  ,
 ,   France,  ,   Germany,   Hungary,   Iceland,   Ireland,   Italy,   Latvia,
  Lithuania,   Mexico,   Moldova,   Paraguay,   Peru,   Poland,   Portugal,   Romania,   Slovakia,   Spain,   Ukraine,   United Kingdom,   United States,   Vatican City

Holodomor Media

  • A map of the Soviet famine of 1932–1933 with the areas of most disastrous famine shaded black

  • A "black board" published in the newspaper "Under the Flag of Lenin" in January 1933—a "blacklist" identifying specific kolhozes and their punishment in the Bashtanka Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine.

  • A "Red Train" of carts from the "Wave of Proletarian Revolution" collective farm in the village of Oleksiyivka, Kharkiv oblast in 1932. "Red Trains" took the first harvest of the season's crop to the government depots. During the Holodomor, these brigades were part of the Soviet Government's policy of taking away food from the peasants.

  • A map of the depopulation of Ukraine and southern Russia from 1929 to 1933, with territories that were not part of the Soviet state during the famine in white

  • Starvation during the Holodomor, Kharkivshchyna, 1933. Photo by Alexander Wienerberger

  • Daily Express, 6 August 1934

  • Lazar Kaganovich (left) played a role in enforcing Stalin's policies that led to the Holodomor.[13]

Other websites

References

  1. ↑ Davies & Wheatcroft 2010, pp. 479–484.
  2. ↑ "Famine - Genocide in Ukraine 1932 - 1933". faminegenocide.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2007. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
  3. ↑ Young, Cathy (December 8, 2008). "Remember the Holodomor". The Weekly Standard. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
  4. ↑ "Thanks to US for Holdomor Memorial". Cyber Cossack. Archived from the original on January 17, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
  5. ↑ Zisels, Josef; Kharaz, Halyna (11 November 2007). "Will Holodomor receive the same status as the Holocaust?". "Maidan" Alliance. Archived from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  6. ↑ Finn, Peter (27 April 2008). Aftermath of a Soviet Famine. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/26/AR2008042602039.html. Retrieved 21 July 2012. "There are no exact figures on how many died. Modern historians place the number between 2.5 million and 3.5 million. Yushchenko and others have said at least 10 million were killed.". 
  7. ↑ Marples, David (30 November 2005). "The Great Famine Debate Goes On..." Edmonton Journal. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kulchytsky, Stanislav (6 March 2007). Holodomor of 1932-33 as genocide: gaps in the evidential basis.  Retrieved 22 July 2012. Part 1 Archived 2007-10-20 at the Wayback Machine - Part 2 Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine - Part 3 Archived 2012-10-25 at the Wayback Machine - Part 4 Archived 2012-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ Bilinsky 1999.
  10. ↑ Kulchytsky, Stanislav. "Holodomor-33: Why and how?". Zerkalo Nedeli (25 November – 1 December 2006). Retrieved 21 July 2012. Russian version Archived 2007-07-16 at Archive.today; Ukrainian version[dead link].
  11. ↑ Wheatcroft 2001b, p. 885.
  12. ↑ 'Stalinism' was a collective responsibility. Kremlin papers, The News in Brief, University of Melbourne, 19 June 1998, Vol 7 No 22
  13. ↑ Serbyn 2008.
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