Thrace
Thrace [1] (Ancient Greek: Θρᾴκη: Thráke; Bulgarian: Тракия; Trakiya, Turkish: Trakya) is a historical and geographic area in Southeastern Europe. It was bounded by the Balkan Mountains on the north, the Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea on the south, and by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the east. Thrace included areas that are now southeastern Bulgaria, northeastern Greece, and the European part of Turkey.
The Thracians were an ancient Indo-European people. They lived in Central, Western, and Southeastern Europe.
Ancient history
The indigenous population of Thrace was a people called the Thracians. They were divided into many tribal groups. Thracian troops were known to be used in the Persian army. Many of them went with neighbouring ruler Alexander the Great when he crossed the Hellespont (which is next to Thrace) during his invasion of the Persian Empire.
The Thracians were divided into separate tribes. They did not form a lasting political organization until the Odrysian state was founded in the 4th century BC. Like Illyrians, Thracian tribes of the mountainous regions had a warrior tradition. The tribes based in the plains were more peaceable. Recent funeral mounds in Bulgaria suggest that Thracian kings did rule regions of Thrace with distinct Thracian national identity.
Thrace was conquered by Alexander. It later regained its freedom. It was conquered after several attempts by the Romans in 46 AD, in the reign of Claudius. They became a province, and later four provinces, of the Roman Empire. Finally, as the Empire crumbled, Thrace suffered more than a thousand years of conflict and conquest by stronger forces. It never regained its independence.
The Thracians did not describe themselves as such and Thrace and Thracians are simply the names given them by the Greeks.[2]
Thrace Media
The Roman province of Thrace
The Byzantine thema of Thrace.
Map of Ancient Thrace made by Abraham Ortelius in 1585, stating both the names Thrace and Europe.
Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian Kingdom under Sitalces c. 431–424 BC, showing the territories of several Thracian tribes.
Thrace in the Odrysian Kingdom showing several Thracian tribes. Sapeia was Northern Thrace and Asteia was Southern Thrace.
Flag of rebels of Thrace during the Greek War of Independence.
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References
- ↑ Greek: Θράκη, Thráki; Turkish: Trakya
- ↑ John Boardman, I.E.S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N.G.L. Hammond. 1992. The Cambridge Ancient History, vol 3, part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other states of the Near East, from the eighth to the sixth centuries BC. ISBN 0-521-22717-8 page 597: "We have no way of knowing what the Thracians called themselves and if indeed they had a common name...Thus the name of Thracians and that of their country were given by the Greeks to a group of tribes occupying the territory..."