Multilingualism
Multilingualism is the ability to speak more than one language. The ability to speak two languages is bilingualism. Many immigrants are bilingual and speak languages of both their old and their new country. Multilingualism is useful in many kinds of work.
Reasons
International trade is more common than in past centuries. Some countries and organizations having more than one official language hire people who speak more than one so that they can work with more people. Most people have a first language, or mother tongue, that they learned as babies. Other languages are usually learned much later.
Factors
People who learn many languages can find it easier to learn more languages if the new language is like the ones they already know. Sometimes, however learning a new language can be hard if the person remembers old languages they learned before.[1][better source needed]
Learning a second language can make it harder to remember words.[2] People used to think that speaking two languages makes people better at certain thinking tasks, but some new research says otherwise. Those who speak two languages are not better at learning languages than those who only speak one.[3][4]
People who are very good at speaking two or more languages were once thought to have better thinking skills and less likely to get certain diseases like dementia later in life, but recent studies disagree.[5]
Academic discourse
Some linguists think there are more multilingual people in the world than monolingual people, those who speak only one language.[6][7]
Polyglots
People who can speak several languages are called polyglots.[8] Those who can speak many, such as Heinrich Schliemann and Ghil'ad Zuckermann, are called hyperpolyglots.[9][better source needed]
As a result of wars, border changes, colonialism etc., some in a country may be consigned to adopt other languages. This happened in the partitions of Poland and its reunification. When Austria-Hungary lost World War I, Hungary lost much of its east to Romania. Hungarian is a Uralic language completely different from Indo-European languages including but not limited to Romance languages and Germanic languages.
Multilingualism Media
The frontage of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, with text written in eleven of South Africa's twelve official languages
A multilingual sign outside the mayor's office in Novi Sad, Serbia, written in the four official languages of the city: Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, and Pannonian Rusyn
A stenciled danger sign in Singapore written in English, Chinese, Tamil, and Malay (the four official languages of Singapore)
The logo and name of the Swiss federal administration in the four national languages of Switzerland (German, French, Italian, and Romansh)
One of the Tripolitania Punic inscriptions at Leptis Magna, written in both Latin (top) and Punic (bottom)
A bilingual "no trespassing" sign at a construction site in Helsinki, Finland (upper text in Finnish, lower text in Swedish)
Croatian-Italian bilingual plate on a public building in Pula/Pola (Istria)
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Related pages
References
- ↑ Pavlenko, Aneta. Can a second language help you learn a third?. Psychology Today: Life as a Bilingual (2 June 2015). Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ↑ Bylund, Emanuel. Does bilingualism come with linguistic costs? A meta-analytic review of the bilingual lexical deficit (in en). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 30 (3) (2023-06-01). p. 897–913. doi:10.3758/s13423-022-02136-7.
- ↑ The bilingual advantage in novel word learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 16 (4) (2009). p. 705–710. doi:10.3758/PBR.16.4.705.
- ↑ Is bilingualism associated with enhanced executive functioning in adults? A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin 144 (4) (April 2018). p. 394–425. doi:10.1037/bul0000142.
- ↑ Yong, Ed. The Bitter Fight Over the Benefits of Bilingualism (in en-US). The Atlantic (10 February 2016). Retrieved 2016-02-11.
- ↑ Multilingual People - Are you a polyglot?. ilanguages.org. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
- ↑ Tucker, G. Richard. A Global Perspective on Bilingualism. Carnegie Mellon University (August 1999).
- ↑ POLYGLOT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved December 1, 2024.
- ↑ Are You a Hyperpolyglot? The Secrets of Language Superlearners, The author of Babel No More explains what it takes to become super-multilingual. By Katy Steinmetz, Jan. 30, 2012.
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