Graubünden

The title of this article contains the character ü. Where it is unavailable or not wanted, the name may be written as Graubuenden.

The Grisons or Graubünden, more formally the canton of the Grisons or the canton of Graubünden, is the biggest and is farthest to the east of the cantons of Switzerland. The name means "Gray Union" in German and the canton lies entirely in the Alps. In Switzerland it hosts the biggest number of tourists each year.

Kanton Graubünden  (German) Chantun Grischun  (Romansh) Cantone dei Grigioni  (Italian)
Canton
Canton of Graubünden Canton of the Grisons
Flag Coat of arms
Coordinates: 46°45′N 9°30′E
Capital	Chur
Subdivisions	108 municipalities, 11 districts
Government
• Executive	Executive Council Regierungsrat  (German) Regenza  (Romansh) Governo  (Italian) (5)
• Legislative	Grand Council Grosser Rat  (German) Cussegl Grond  (Romansh) Gran Consiglio  (Italian) (120)
Area
• Total	7,105.39 km2 (2,743.41 sq mi)
Population  (December 2017)Template:Swiss populations ref 2017
• Total	197,888
• Density	27.85041/km2 (72.13222/sq mi)
ISO 3166 code	CH-GR
Highest point	4,049 m (13,284 ft): Piz Bernina
Lowest point	260 m (853 ft): border to Ticino at San Vittore
Joined	1803
Languages	German, Romansh, Italian
Website	www.gr.ch

Chur, capital of Graubünden seen to the west and the Rhine valley to west.

Geography

The area of the canton is 7,105 km². Only one third of this land is used for farming. Forests cover 20% of the total area. The canton has many mountains that make up the highlands of the Rhine and Inn river valleys. Many of its scenic areas are part of the Swiss National Park or the Ela Nature Park.

There are many important peaks in the Grison Alps, including the Tödi at 3,614 meters and the highest peak Piz Bernina at 4,049 meters. Many of the mountain ranges feature huge glaciers, such as at the Adula, the Albula, the Silvretta, the Bernina, the Bregaglia and the Rätikon ranges. The mountain ranges in the central area contain many of the deepest vallies in Switzerland.

The canton borders Liechtenstein to the north, Austria to the north and the east, Italy to the south, and the cantons of St. Gallen to the northwest; Glarus and the canton of Uri to the west, and Ticino to the southwest. The capital city is Chur. Davos and St. Moritz are world-famous resorts and can be found in this area.

History

Most of the lands of the canton were once part of a Roman province called Raetia that was established in 15 BC. The area later was part of the lands of the diocese at Chur.

In 1367 the League of God's House was founded against the power of the Bishop of Chur. This was followed by the making of the Grey League, sometimes called Oberbund, in 1395 in the Upper Rhine valley. The name Grey League is derived from the homespun grey clothes worn by the people. The name of this league later gave its name to the canton of Graubünden.

The first step towards the naming of the canton into Graubünden was when the league of the Ten Jurisdictions allied with the League of God's House in 1450. In 1471, the two leagues aligned with the Grey League. This meant that the leagues allied with the Swiss Confederation. The Habsburgs were defeated at Calven Gorge and Dornach, helping the Swiss confederation and the allied leagues of the canton of Grisons to be recognized.

The last traces of the bishop of Chur's jurisdiction were abolished in 1526. The Musso war of the 1520 drove the Three Leagues closer to the Swiss Confederacy. The lands of the canton of Graubünden were part of the Helvetic Republic, but the "perpetual ally" of Switzerland became a canton in 1803. The constitution of the canton dates from 1892.

The arms of the three original leagues are now all part of the coat of arms of the canton.

Private cars were only allowed in the canton of Graubünden after several votings in 1926.

Culture

The Graubünden are known for a dried-beef delicacy called Bündnerfleisch and for a nut and honey pie known as Bündner Nusstorte. Another specialty, made mostly in the western part of Grison, is Capuns, a filling meal of pasta and a little bit of meat, rolled into Chard leaves, eventually baked in mode of a gratin with cheese.

Economy

Agriculture and tourism make up most of the canton's economy. Agriculture combines forests and mountain pasturage in summer, mostly beef but also sheep and goats. Tourism is all around the canton, mainly around the towns of Davos/Arosa, Flims and St. Moritz/Pontresina, which are important in both winter and summer. There are a great number of other resorts people visiting the country can go to in the canton.

There is wine production around the capital Chur. Chur is also the center of industry. In the southern valleys of Mesolcina/Misox and Poschiavo there is corn (maize) and chestnut farming.

Demographics

The languages spoken in Graubünden are German in the northwest, Romansh in the Engadin and around Disentis/Mustér), and Standard Italian in the valleys Mesolcina/Misox, Calanca, Val Bregaglia, and Poschiavo.

The main religions are Protestantism and Catholicism. Both are well-represented in the canton, with Roman Catholics forming a slight majority.

Districts

Graubünden is divided into 11 districts:

• Albula
• Bernina
• Hinterrhein
• Imboden
• Inn
• Landquart
• Maloja
• Moesa
• Plessur
• Davos
• Surselva

Municipalities

There are 209 municipalities in Graubünden (as of April 2004):

Almens Alvaneu Alvaschein Andeer Andiast Ardez Arosa Arvigo Ausserferrera Avers Bergün/Bravuogn Bever Bivio Bonaduz Bondo Braggio Breil/Brigels Brienz/Brinzauls Brusio Buseno Calfreisen Cama Castaneda Castasegna Castiel Casti-Wergenstein Castrisch Cauco Cazis Celerina/Schlarigna Chur Churwalden Clugin Conters im Prättigau Cumbel Cunter Davos Degen Disentis/Mustér Domat/Ems Donat Duvin Falera Fanas Feldis/Veulden Felsberg Fideris Filisur Fläsch Flerden Flims Flond Ftan Fuldera Furna Fürstenau Grono Grüsch Guarda Haldenstein Hinterrhein Igis Ilanz Innerferrera Jenaz Jenins Klosters-Serneus Küblis La Punt-Chamues-ch

Laax Ladir Langwies Lantsch/Lenz Lavin Leggia Lohn Lostallo Lü Lüen Lumbrein Luven Luzein Madulain Maienfeld Maladers Malans Malix Marmorera Masein Mastrils Mathon Medel (Lucmagn) Mesocco Molinis Mon Morissen Mulegns Müstair Mutten Nufenen Obersaxen Pagig Parpan Paspels Peist Pignia Pigniu Pitasch Pontresina Portein Poschiavo Praden Pratval Präz Ramosch Rhäzüns Riein Riom-Parsonz Rodels Rongellen Rossa Rothenbrunnen Roveredo Rueun Ruschein Saas Safien Sagogn Salouf Samedan Samnaun San Vittore Santa Maria in Calanca Santa Maria Val Müstair Sarn Savognin Says

S-chanf Scharans Scheid Schiers Schlans Schluein Schmitten Schnaus Scuol Seewis im Prättigau Selma Sent Sevgein Siat Sils im Domleschg Sils im Engadin/Segl Silvaplana Soazza Soglio Splügen St. Antönien St. Martin St. Moritz St. Peter Stampa Stierva Sufers Sumvitg Sur Suraua Surava Surcuolm Susch Tamins Tarasp Tartar Tenna Thusis Tiefencastel Tinizong-Rona Trans Trimmis Trin Trun Tschappina Tschiertschen Tschierv Tschlin Tujetsch Tumegl/Tomils Untervaz Urmein Valchava Valendas Vals Valzeina Vaz/Obervaz Vella Verdabbio Versam Vicosoprano Vignogn Vrin Waltensburg/Vuorz Wiesen Zernez Zillis-Reischen Zizers Zuoz

Graubünden Media

• 

  The Engadin (here near St. Moritz and the lakes) is one of the highest valleys of the Alps and the only Swiss region in the basin of the Black Sea.

• 

  The Anterior Rhine (here at the Rhine Gorge) is one of the largest rivers in the canton.

• 

  Map of the Three Leagues and surrounding lands

• 

  The Dreibündenstein monument, marking the former tripoint of the Three Leagues

• 

  Jörg Jenatsch was a major and divisive figure during the Bündner Wirren (1618–1639).

• 

  Grand Council building in Chur

• 

  View of Chur, at the foot of the Calanda

• 

  Geographical distribution of languages in the Grisons as of 2000

• 

  Skiers above Lenzerheide

Other websites

• Official Page (in German and Italian)
• Official Statistics
• Official Tourism Board for Switzerland Holidays in Graubünden Archived 2012-03-08 at the Wayback Machine(in English)