Ebrahim Raisi
Ebrahim Raisi (Persian: ابراهیم رئیسی; 14 December 1960 – 19 May 2024) was an Iranian politician, jurist and cleric. Raisi was the 8th President of Iran from 2021 until his death in 2024. He was the Chief Justice from 2019 until 2021. He was a member of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 until his death.[11][12]
Ebrahim Raisi | |
|---|---|
ابراهیم رئیسی | |
_(cropped).jpg) Raisi in May 2024, hours before his death | |
| 8th President of Iran | |
| In office 3 August 2021 – 19 May 2024 | |
| Supreme Leader | Ali Khamenei |
| First Vice President | Mohammad Mokhber |
| Preceded by | Hassan Rouhani |
| Succeeded by | Mohammad Mokhber (acting) |
| 7th Chief Justice of Iran | |
| In office 7 March 2019 – 1 July 2021 | |
| Appointed by | Ali Khamenei |
| First Deputy | Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i |
| Preceded by | Sadeq Larijani |
| Succeeded by | Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i |
| Member of Expediency Discernment Council | |
| In office 14 August 2017 – 7 March 2019 | |
| Appointed by | Ali Khamenei |
| Chairman | |
| Prosecutor-General of Iran | |
| In office 23 August 2014 – 1 April 2016 | |
| Appointed by | Sadeq Larijani |
| Preceded by | Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i |
| Succeeded by | Mohammad Jafar Montazeri |
| Member of the Assembly of Experts | |
| In office 24 May 2016 – 19 May 2024 | |
| Constituency | South Khorasan Province |
| Majority | 325,139 (80.0%)[3] |
| In office 20 February 2007 – 21 May 2016 | |
| Constituency | South Khorasan Province |
| Majority | 200,906 (68.6%) |
| 2nd First Deputy Chief Justice of Iran | |
| In office 27 July 2004 – 23 August 2014 | |
| Chief Justice | Mahmoud Hashemi ShahroudiSadeq Larijani |
| Preceded by | Mohammad-Hadi Marvi[4] |
| Succeeded by | Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i |
| Chairman of General Inspection Office | |
| In office 22 August 1994 – 9 August 2004 | |
| Appointed by | Mohammad Yazdi |
| Preceded by | Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad |
| Succeeded by | Mohammad Niazi |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Sayyid Ebrahim Raisolsadati 14 December 1960 Mashhad, Imperial State of Iran |
| Died | 19 May 2024 (aged 63) Varzaqan, Iran |
| Cause of death | Helicopter crash |
| Political party | Combatant Clergy Association[5] |
| Other political affiliations | Islamic Republican Party (until 1987)[5] |
| Spouse(s) | Jamileh Alamolhoda (m. 1983) |
| Children | 2 |
| Relatives | Ahmad Alamolhoda (father-in-law) |
| Alma mater | Disputed:[6] Shahid Motahari University[5]Qom Seminary[5] |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Government website Personal website (Persian) |
| Nickname(s) | Butcher of Tehran[7][8][9][10] |
In his early career, Raisi was in many positions in Iran's judicial system, including as Deputy Prosecutor and Prosecutor of Tehran. For his role on the so-called death committee during the 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners, he became known as the "Butcher of Tehran". He was sanctioned by the United States. He was accused of crimes against humanity by international human rights organizations and the United Nations.
He registered for the presidential election held on 19 May 2017, losing against Hassan Rouhani.[13][14] He ran again for the presidency in 2021 and won the election in a landslide victory.[15][16] During Raisi's term, Iran increased uranium enrichment, stopped international inspections, and supported Russia in its invasion of Ukraine. Iran also launched a missile and drone attack on Israel during the Gaza conflict and continued supporting Hezbollah and the Houthi movement. Until his death, Raisi was seen as a possible replacement to be Iran's supreme leader.
Presidency
In 2021, Raisi ran again for the presidency and won the election.[17][18] The election had a 48.8% turnout, and 63% went to Raisi.[19]
Raisi was appointed the president of Iran on 3 August 2021. During his inauguration speech, Raisi said that his government would find ways to remove the sanctions on Iran by the United States.[20] He was sworn-in before the Islamic Consultative Assembly on 5 August. In his speech, he said that Iran was actually responsible for stabilising the Middle East. He also promised that he would try to improve the quality of life for Iranians and defend human rights.[21]
After the fall of Kabul to the Taliban, Raisi said on 16 August 2021 that the withdrawal of American forces from Afghanistan offered a chance for stabilising the country, which Iran would support. He also called on all parties to form an inclusive government.[22] On 4 September, he urged that elections be held to elect a new Afghan government as soon as possible.[23]
In April 2022, Raisi warned that Israel would be targeted by his country's armed forces if it made "the slightest move" against Iran.[24] During an interview in September of that year, he criticized the Abraham Accords and called Israel a "false regime".[25]
On 17 September 2022, protests erupted after the death of Mahsa Amini, and unrest spread all over the country.[26] President Raisi promised to set up a commission to investigate the murder, but this did not affect the protests; law-enforcement agencies were allegedly retreating from small cities due to uncontrollable rioting.[27]
Raisi supported Hamas' 7 October attacks on Israel.[28] He condemned Israel's actions in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war and accused Israel of committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza "with the support of the United States and certain European countries."[29]
Political views
As to politics, Raisi had very conservative views. During hist time in office, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action saw a deadlock with the United States. There were large-scale protests after the death of Mahsa Amini, in September 2022. Unrest spread all over the country.[30] President Raisi promised to set up a commission to investigate the murder, but this did not affect the protests, as law-enforcement agencies are allegedly retreating from small cities due to uncontrollable rioting.[31]
He was in favor of the doctrine that men and women should not mix.[32] He was also in favor of the death penalty.[33] He thought that Islamization of universities, and censorship on the internet were good ideas. He was against western values.[34][35][36]
In state-led media, Raisi said that "no one has the right to violate the freedom and rights of girls and women" and "it is incomplete to talk about culture and economy without the role of women". He emphasized that "women's rights are God-given, and the government should not only not lose this right, but it should also create the conditions for it to flourish" and "in many spaces, women's role-playing is empty and women's talent, creativity, initiative and innovation can be used a lot".[37][38]
Raisi signed orders creating stricter hijab restrictions for women in Iran.[39]
Because he also had some responsibility in the 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners, an UN tribunal accused him of crimes against humanity.[40]
Potential successor as Supreme Leader
Raisi had been described as "a favorite and possible successor" to Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, by several sources.[41][42] In 2019, Saeid Golkar of Al Jazeera called Raisi "the most likely successor of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei" as Supreme Leader of Iran.[43]
In 2024, Time magazine reported that both Ebrahim Raisi and Mojtaba Khamenei, Khamenei's son, were frontrunners for the position.[44]
Death
On 19 May 2024, Raisi was killed when his helicopter crashed near the town of Julfa, on the border with Azerbaijan.[45] Several high-ranking Iranian officials travelled in the helicopter. One of them was foreign minister, Hossein Amir-Abdollahian who also died in the crash.[46] Raisi is the second President of Iran to have died in office, following Mohammad-Ali Rajai, who died in a bombing in 1981.[47]
Ebrahim Raisi Media
Ebrahim Raisi (with microphone) in Iran-Iraq war era (1980s)
Raisi speaking at a presidential campaign rally, 2017
Raisi casting his ballot in the 2021 presidential election
Raisi wearing a mask during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2022
Raisi and other leaders at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit on 16 September 2022
Khamenei, Assad and Raisi, May 2022
Raisi with Russian president Vladimir Putin and Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at the Iran–Russia–Turkey summit in Tehran, July 2022
Raisi with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, September 2022
- Raisi-Xi meeting (2023-02-14).jpg
Raisi with Chinese president Xi Jinping in Beijing, during Raisi's state visit to China, February 2023
Raisi with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the 15th BRICS summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, 24 August 2023
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References
- ↑ رئیسی چند کلاس سواد دارد؟. https://www.eghtesadnews.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7-61/417127-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
- ↑ "حجت الاسلام کیست و چه کسی آیتالله میشود؟". BBC News فارسی. 17 May 2014. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
- ↑ "اعلام آرای مجلس خبرگان رهبری در خراسان جنوبی" (in فارسی). Alef. 27 February 2016. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ↑ "از نمایندگی امام در مسجد سلیمان تا معاون اولی قوهٔ قضائیه" (in فارسی). Sadegh Newsletter. 2 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "زندگینامه حجتالاسلام و المسلمین سیدابراهیم رئیسی" (in فارسی). Official website of Seyyed Ebrahim Raisi. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ↑ "مدرک تحصیلی ابراهیم رئیسی؛ 'شش کلاس' یا 'دکترا'؟" (in fa). BBC News فارسی. 8 June 2021. https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-features-57399380. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ↑ "A Brief History of the 'Butcher of Tehran'". Newsweek. 12 September 2022. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ↑ "Ebrahim Raisi, the Butcher of Tehran is against humanity". 22 June 2021. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ↑ Struan Stevenson. "Iran's President Ebrahim Raisi, aka the Butcher of Tehran, could finally face justice after deciding to go to US for UN General Assembly meeting". Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ "I24NEWS". 15 September 2023. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ↑ "Ebrahim Raisi: Iran's new chief justice and possible Supreme Leader in waiting". Atlantic Council. 11 March 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ↑ "ابراهیم رئیسی به تولیت آستان قدس رضوی منصوب شد". BBC News فارسی (in فارسی). 7 March 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ↑ Sharafedin, Bozorgmehr (9 April 2017). "Hardline cleric Raisi to take on Rouhani in Iran's presidential election" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-elections-raisi-idUSKBN17B0DZ. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ↑ Staff, IFP Editorial (20 May 2017). "Final Results of Iran's Presidential Election Declared". Iran Front Page. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ↑ "Iran Official Poll Shows Lower Turnout After Elimination Of Key Candidates". Iran International. 28 May 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ↑ "Hardliner Ebrahim Raisi comfortably wins Iran presidential election". euronews. 2021-06-19. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
- ↑ Yee, Vivian (19 June 2021). "Iranian Hard-Liner Ebrahim Raisi Wins Presidential Vote". The New York Times. . https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/19/world/middleeast/iran-election-president-raisi.html. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ↑ Maziar Motamedi (19 June 2021). Hardliner Ebrahim Raisi declared Iran's new president. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/19/raisi-wins-irans-presidential-election-amid-low-turnout. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ↑ Elections Archived 27 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 26 January 2023
- ↑ "Iran ultraconservative Raisi inaugurated as president". Agence France-Presse (The Australian). 3 August 2021. https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/irans-raisi-faces-early-tests-on-economy-tension-with-west/news-story/3020dc7e5bf9c4024cd9ac944dd74a05. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ↑ Motamedi, Maziar (5 August 2021). "Ebrahim Raisi sworn in as Iran's eighth president". Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/5/irans-raisi-sends-message-of-strength-in-inauguration. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ↑ Hafezi, Parisa (16 August 2021). Heritage, Timothy. ed. "Iran says U.S. "failure" in Afghanistan a chance for durable peace". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-says-us-failure-afghanistan-chance-durable-peace-2021-08-16/. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
- ↑ "The Latest: Iran president calls for election in Afghanistan". Associated Press. 5 September 2021. https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-business-united-nations-taliban-378c1fecb932822162491bafaa7f1aae. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
- ↑ "Raisi says Iran will target heart of Israel if it acts against Iranian nation". Reuters. 18 April 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/president-raisi-says-iran-will-target-heart-israel-if-it-acts-against-iranian-2022-04-18/. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ↑ "'Some signs': Iran's president casts doubt on Holocaust, calls Israel 'false regime'". Times of Israel. 19 September 2022. https://www.timesofisrael.com/iranian-president-casts-doubt-on-holocaust-calls-israel-a-false-regime/. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
- ↑ فردا, رادیو (19 September 2022). تظاهرات در سنندج، مهاباد و کرج در اعتراض به مرگ مهسا امینی؛ ادامه واکنشهای گسترده. https://www.radiofarda.com/a/protest-hijab-mandatory-iran/32039758.html. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ↑ "Iranians fight back as police violently repress protests over death of Mahsa Amini". 22 September 2022. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ↑ "Hailing Hamas, Iranian president says October 7 massacres will destroy Israel". Times of Israel. 5 January 2024. https://www.timesofisrael.com/hailing-hamas-iranian-president-says-october-7-massacres-will-destroy-israel/. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ↑ Mahmoud, Sinan (6 November 2023). Iraq and Iran describe Israel's war in Gaza as 'genocide' against Palestinians. The National. https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/iraq/2023/11/06/iraqi-pm-visits-tehran-on-first-stop-of-regional-tour-to-discuss-israel-gaza-war/.
- ↑ فردا, رادیو (19 September 2022). تظاهرات در سنندج، مهاباد و کرج در اعتراض به مرگ مهسا امینی؛ ادامه واکنشهای گسترده. https://www.radiofarda.com/a/protest-hijab-mandatory-iran/32039758.html. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ↑ "Iranians fight back as police violently repress protests over death of Mahsa Amini". 22 September 2022. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ↑
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- ↑
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- ↑
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- ↑ "Raisi: No one has the right to violate the freedom and rights of girls and women". tasnimnews.com (in Iranian). Retrieved 2 July 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "Raisi: Talking about culture and economy without the role of women is incomplete". IRNA News Agency (in Iranian). 14 June 2021. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Iranian President Signs Decree Further Restricting How Women Can Dress. Radio Free Europe. 15 August 2022. https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-women-dress-restrictions-raisi/31989759.html. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ↑
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- ↑ Erdbrink, Thomas (18 May 2017). "Iran Has Its Own Hard-Line Populist, and He's on the Rise". The New York Times. . https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/18/world/middleeast/iran-ebrahim-raisi-president-election.html. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ↑ Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (9 January 2017). Ebrahim Raisi: the Iranian cleric emerging as a frontrunner for supreme leader. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/09/ebrahim-raisi-conservative-cleric-iran-supreme-leader-khamenei. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ↑ Golkar, Saeid (5 January 2019). Ebrahim Raisi: The cleric who could end Iranian hopes for change. https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/ebrahim-raisi-cleric-iranian-hopes-change-190101105530417.html. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ↑ "Who Will Lead Iran After President Raisi's Death?". TIME. 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ↑ Erika, Solomon (20 May 2024) (in english). Ebrahim Raisi, Iran’s President, Dies in Helicopter Crash at 63. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/20/world/europe/ebrahim-raisi-iran-dead.html. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ↑ "Helicopter carrying Iran's hard-line president apparently crashes in foggy, mountainous region". AP News. 2024-05-19. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
- ↑ "Iran’s president, foreign minister and others found dead at helicopter crash site, state media says". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/iran-president-ebrahim-raisi-426c6f4ae2dd1f0801c73875bb696f48. Retrieved 2024-05-20.