House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg was a family of dukes, kings, and monarchs that was very important in European history. It first ruled parts of Switzerland in the 13th century and then ruled Austria, later Austria-Hungary, for more than 600 years. It ruled owned Spain and the Netherlands for a while, the Holy Roman Empire from about 1280 to 1806 and the Kingdom of Sardinia until the mid-19th century.
| House of Habsburg Haus Habsburg | |
|---|---|
| Imperial, Royal, and Ducal dynasty | |
  Left: Habsburg "ancient", coat of arms of the Counts of Habsburg: Or, a lion rampant gules crowned azure ("Lion of Habsburg"); right: Habsburg "modern"/Austria, arms of the House of Habsburg, Archdukes of Austria: Gules, a fess argent ("Bindenschild"); originally the arms of the House of Babenburg, Dukes of Austria and Styria | |
| Parent house | House of Eticho (disputed) |
| Country | List
|
| Etymology | Habsburg Castle |
| Founded | 11th century |
| Founder | Radbot of Klettgau |
| Current head | Karl von Habsburg (cognatic line) |
| Final ruler | Charles I of Austria (cognatic line) |
| Titles | List
|
| Motto | A.E.I.O.U. and Viribus Unitis |
| Estate(s) |
|
| Cadet branches | Agnatic: (all are extinct) |
A treaty was made in Vienna in 1515 between the king of Poland and duke of Lithuania from the Jagiellon dynasty and Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, the duke of Austria from the Habsburg family. It stated that if the Jagiellon kings of Bohemia and Hungary died without a male heir, Maximilian and his heirs would take over the territory.
The senior branch of the House of Habsburg became extinct in the 18th century, when Charles II of Spain died in 1700 and was replaced by the House of Bourbon. Charles had mental and physical handicaps, which were probably caused by inbreeding between relatives in the royal houses of Continental Europe. Marriages of close relatives had occurred for the five generations before him. He was the son of Philip IV, who married his sister's daughter.
The remaining branch went extinct in the male line in 1740 with the death of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and completely in 1780 with the death of his eldest daughter, Maria Theresa of Austria. It was succeeded by the Vaudemont branch of the House of Lorraine, which styled itself formally as House of Habsburg-Lorraine (German: Habsburg-Lothringen), but it was often referred to as simply the House of Habsburg.
The last empress was Zita of Bourbon-Parma, who died in Switzerland in 1989. She had ruled with her husband, Charles I of Austria, from 1916 to 1918.
The current head is Karl Habsburg-Lothringen.
House Of Habsburg Media
Habsburg lands (in green), following the Battle of Mühlberg in 1547; excludes Holy Roman Empire, and the Spanish colonial empire
The Iberian Union in 1598, under Philip II, King of Spain and Portugal
The Spanish and Austrian Habsburg European lands, ca 1700
Profile portrait of Leopold I highlighting his "Habsburg jaw", Deutsches Historisches Museum
Austria–Hungary:Empire of Austria (Cisleithania): 1. Bohemia, 2. Bukovina, 3. Carinthia, 4. Carniola, 5. Dalmatia, 6. Galicia, 7. Küstenland, 8. Lower Austria, 9. Moravia, 10. Salzburg, 11. Silesia, 12. Styria, 13. Tyrol, 14. Upper Austria, 15. Vorarlberg;Kingdom of Hungary (Transleithania): 16. Hungary proper 17. Croatia-Slavonia; Austrian-Hungarian Condominium: 18. Bosnia and Herzegovina
An ethno-linguistic map of Austria–Hungary, 1910
"PLUS OULTRE", motto of Charles V in French, on a ceiling of the Palace of Charles V in Granada
Arms of the Counts of Habsburgs. The Habsburgs all but abandoned this for the arms of Austria. It only reappeared in their triarch family arms in 1805.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Jure uxoris.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Titular claim rather than de facto.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Contested.
- ↑ Title given to Philip II by his father, Charles V, prior to his marriage with Mary of England. This was to ensure that Philip would not be outranked by his wife.
- ↑ Through Archduke Lorenz of Austria-Este.
