Hasekura Tsunenaga
- In this Japanese name, the family name is Hasekura.
Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 293: attempt to index local 'data_module' (a boolean value). was a Japanese samurai and diplomat.[1] He was the first diplomat from Japan to visit Spain, France, Italy and the Vatican.
The Roman Senate made Hasekura a citizen and a patrician of Rome.[2]
Early life
Hasekura was a retainer of Date Masamune. Date was the daimyo of Sendai.[3]
Keichō Embassy
Hasekura headed a diplomatic mission from Japan to the Vatican. The trip lasted seven years from 1613-1620,[4] This historic journey is called the Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 293: attempt to index local 'data_module' (a boolean value)..[5] Hasekura was the first Japanese ambassador in the Americas and in Europe.
Hasekura traveled with a group across the Pacific Ocean to Mexico.[4] They sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe.
Hasekura returned to Japan by crossing Mexico from east to west in 1618. The Japanese sailed from Acapulco for the Philippines. From Manila, they sailed north to Japan in 1620.[4]
The story of Hasekura was unknown in Japan until the 19th century.[6] This early diplomacy not included in official histories written in Japan in the 17th and 18th centuries.[1] Information about this embassy
Hasekura was a subject of interest in Europe. In 1615, Scipione Amati published a book about Haskeura's journey.[7] In 1616, a book about the Japanese diplomats was published in French in Paris.[8]
Legacy
In 1873, Japanese diplomats traveled to Europe. They were surprised to learn about Hasekura. The diplomacy of Hasekura was forgotten because of the Sakoku policy of isolation.[6]
There are statues of Hasekura in Japan,[9] Cuba,[10] Spain,[11] and Italy.[12]
Many people in Coria del Río, Spain have the surname "Japón".[13] These are descendants of the Japanese travelers.[14]
Comet
A minor comet 11514 Tsunenaga was named after Hasekura in 1991.[15]
Memory of the World Programme
Spanish and Japanese archives have documents from the Hasekura mission. The letter carried by Hasekura to the King of Spain is in Seville, Spain. The paper proof of Haskura's Roman citizenship is in Sendai, Japan. These bits of history are proposed for UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme.[16]
Hasekura Tsunenaga Media
Hasekura had an official coat of arms, consisting of a Buddhist swastika crossed by two arrows, on a white shield and surmounted by a crown, on an orange background
Hasekura's coat of arms in contemporary depictions
The Japanese ship San Buenaventura was built on the model of Liefde (depicted here), the ship on which William Adams originally reached Japan.[additional citation(s) needed]
Nicolás de Cardona, in his 1632 report submitted to the king of Spain, included a view of the bay and city of Acapulco, mentioning the presence of "a ship from Japan" (letter "D"), probably the San Juan Bautista. Cardona was in Acapulco between end of 1614 and 21 March 1615.
Statue of Hasekura Tsunenaga at the Sendai Castle Wall Park located in the heart of Old Havana, Cuba
- DateLetterTitle
Letter of the King of Spain to Date Masamune (1616). The letter is friendly and asks for the support of the Christian faith, but does not mention trade, in spite of Date Masamune's own request (draft, preserved in the Seville archives, General Archive of the Indies).
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Related pages
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2002). "Hasekura Tsunenaga" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 293.
- ↑ American Historical Association. (1915). The&pg=PA480 Pacific Ocean in Hstory: Papers and Addresses Presented at the Panama-Pacific Historical Congress, held at San Francisco, Berkeley and Palo Alto, California, July 19-23, 1915, p. 480
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Date Masamune," pp. 148-149.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): "Japan-Mexico Relations"; retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ↑ In the name "Keichō Embassy", the noun Keichō refers to the Japanese era name (nengō) after "Bunroku" and before "Genna." In other words, the Keichō Embassy commenced during the years from 1596 through 1615.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 American Historical Association, p. 480 n1.
- ↑ Amati, Scipione. (1615). Historia del regno di Voxu del Giapone, dell'antichità, nobilità e valore del suo re Idate Masamune, delli favori c'ha fatti alla christianità... e dell'ambasciata che hà inviata alla Sta di N. S. papa Paolo V... fatta per il dottor Scipione Amati (in Italian); retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ↑ Sotello, Louis. (1616). Recit de l'entrée solemnelle et remarquable faicte à Rome, à Dom Philippe François Faxicura, & au Reuerend Pere Frere Louys Sotello ... Ambassadeurs pour Idate Massamune, Roy de Voxu au Iappon. Sur sa Conuersion au Christianisme & recherche de l'alliance des Princes Chrestiens. Vers la Saincteté de N.S.P. Paul v. ... le 25. iour d'Octobre 1615. (in French); retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ↑ Hasekura statue in Ishinomaki, Japan (in Japanese); retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ↑ Hasekura statue in Havana, Cuba Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ↑ Hasekura statue in Coria del Rio, Spain[dead link]; retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ↑ Hasekura statue in Civitavecchia, Italy
- ↑ The surname "Japón" is a shortened form of "Hasekura de Japón".
- ↑ "Spain's Japon clan has reunion to trace its 17th century roots" Archived 2005-04-26 at the Wayback Machine, Japan Times. December 11, 2003; retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). "11514 Tsunenaga," Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Vol. 1, p. 763.
- ↑ "Japan, Spain to Seek UNESCO Heritage Ratification," Archived 2011-10-19 at the Wayback Machine Yomiuri Shimbun. October 18, 2011; retrieved 2011-11-17.