Help:IPA/Korean
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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Korean on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Korean in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here. Some keys are built on consensus more strongly than others; if the conventions of this key are already in wide use, any substantive change to it should be discussed on the talk page first as it would affect a large number of articles. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) helps with Korean language pronunciations in pages. For a guide to adding IPA characters to pages, see {{IPA-ko}}, {{IPAc-ko}} and :en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
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Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The plain stops and affricate /p t tɕ k/ and the fricatives /h s/ are voiced to [b d dʑ ɡ ɦ z] respectively between voiced sounds.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 [ts ts͈ tsʰ dz] occur before back vowels.
- ↑ /j/ cannot be spelled by itself, but by doubling the short line on the vowel which it phonetically precedes.
- ↑ ㅋ is [k] and RR k at the end of a syllable.
- ↑ ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [lː].
- ↑ ㅂ is [m] before /n/ or /m/.
- ↑ ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before /n/ or /m/.
- ↑ ㅇ is [ŋ] at the end of a syllable. ㄱ is [ŋ] before /n/, /m/, or /ɾ/.
- ↑ ㅍ is [p] and RR p at the end of a syllable.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 [ɕ ɕ͈] are the allophones of /s s͈/ before /i/ and /j/.
- ↑ ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 /w/ is spelled ㅜ before /ʌ/, /e/, /i/ (the latter combination producing /y/~[ɥi]), ㅗ before /ɛ/, /a/; ㅚ /ø/ can also be pronounced [we].
- ↑ [ʑ] is the allophone of /z/ before /i/ and /j/.
- ↑ In Standard Korean vowel length is contrastive, but this has mostly been lost in the spoken language.
- ↑ Resulting from various sequences of consonants (and their relative transcriptions) in regressive assimilation.
References
- Heo, Yong (2013). "An analysis and interpretation of Korean vowel systems". Acta Koreana. 16 (1): 23-43.
- Lee, Hyun-bok (1999). "An IPA Illustration of Korean". Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. p. 120-123.
- Lee, Hyun-bok (2002). "{{{title}}}" in INTERSPEECH-2002. .
- Lee, Hyun-bok (2004). "In search of a universal phonetic alphabet – theory and application of an organic visible speech" in INTERSPEECH-2004. .
- Shin, J. (2015). Vowels and Consonants. In L. Brown & J. Yeon (Eds.). The Handbook of Korean Linguistics (pp. 3-21). Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
- Shin, J., Kiaer, J., & Cha, J. (2012). The Sounds of Korean. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Sohn, Ho-min (2001). The Korean Language. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521369436.