Disability
Disability is a condition that a person has which limits them in some way.[1] These conditions may be congenital (present at birth), cognitive (associated with the brain), developmental (appears as the person develops) and physical, which can be caused by an accident or infection.
Introduction
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities defines disability in Article 1 as:
[L]ong-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder [a person's] full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.
Invisible disabilities, or hidden disabilities, are disabilities that are not immediately obvious, such as intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mental disorders, asthma, epilepsy, allergies, migraines, arthritis and chronic fatigue syndrome.[2]
Difficulties
People with a disability or disabilities may need to use special equipment that can help them. This can include using a wheelchair, a cane or walking stick, hearing aids, a teletypewriter (TTY) and using specially designed software and hardware for the personal computer. Those on a wheelchair cannot walk up or down stairs in a building. They need to use ramps and elevators going into and moving around in a building. Wide doorways and accessible toilets also make it easier for people with physical disabilities to use.
Discrimination
Hatred of the disabled is widespread, ranging from the far left[3] to far right,[4] which is called ableism. People biased against the disabled are called ableists.[5]
Categories
- A Physical disability limits the way a human body works
- A visual impairment impacts on the eyesight of a person, e.g. blindness
- A hearing impairment prevents a person from hearing normally, e.g. deafness
- A developmental disability limits how a person processes information and occasionally leads to a lower mental age than those of his or her age
- An intellectual disability limits the brain functions of a person and prevents the person from functioning at the same level as another person of his or her age
Disability Media
Windover Archeological Site, location of the 15-year-old with spina bifida who was taken care of in a hunter-gather community
A short government advisory animation on the social model of disability
A sign in Taiwan showing a wheelchair accessibility ramp
Museum of disABILITY History, Buffalo, New York
The rainbow-colored infinity symbol represents the diversity of the autism spectrum as well as the greater neurodiversity movement.
A 28-year-old Iraqi woman who lost both of her legs during the Iraq War in 2005
The Cripples, Pieter Bruegel, 1568
Protest for the recognition of Irish Sign Language
Three Black and disabled people in front of a pride flag
Related pages
- Equity
- Equality
- Civil rights
- Accessibility
- Human rights
- Neurodiversity
- Women's rights
- Children's rights
- Autism rights movement
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
References
- ↑ DePoy, Elizabeth; Gilson & Stephen French 2004. Rethinking disability: principles for professional and social change. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole. ISBN 978-0-534-54929-9
- ↑ "Invisible Disabilities: List & Information" (PDF). Disabled World. 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
- ↑
- Zaikowski, Carolyn (September 20, 2016). "6 Ways Your Social Justice Activism Might Be Ableist". Everyday Feminism. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- "How Giving Up Ableist Insults Can Help Heal Our Politics". Forbes. February 24, 2021. https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewpulrang/2021/02/24/how-giving-up-ableist-insults-can-help-heal-our-politics. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Bahadir, Meryem; Gallagher, Jess (June 1, 2023). "Addressing Ableist Apologia: The Fixation on 'Fitness' in U.S. Politics". Columbia University. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Warren, Matt (July 18, 2024). "Why Politics Is Failing Disabled People – And What To Do About It". Independent Social Research Foundation. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Davenport, Phia (November 18, 2024). "“Leftists need to contend better with the existence of disabled people”". Now Then Sheffield. https://nowthenmagazine.com/articles/ember-green-leftists-disability-social-media-online-spaces. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- ↑
- Cherney, James L. (2011). "The Rhetoric of Ableism". Disability Studies Quarterly. 31 (3: Disability and Rhetoric). ISSN 2159-8371. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Leigh, Jennifer; Brown, Nicole (April 6, 2018). "Ableism in academia: where are the disabled and ill academics?". Disability & Society. 33 (6): 985–989. doi:10.1080/09687599.2018.1455627. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Arpwel, Conor (December 30, 2018). "The Ableist Logic of Primitivism: A Critique of “Ecoextremist” Thought". Protean Magazine. https://proteanmag.com/2018/12/30/ableist-logic-of-primitivism. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Timmons, Shane; McGinnity, Frances; Carroll, Eamonn (November 16, 2023). "Ableism differs by disability, gender and social context: Evidence from vignette experiments". British Journal of Social Psychology. doi:10.1111/bjso.12696. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Heung, Sharon; Jiang, Lucy; Azenkot, Shiri; Vashistha, Aditya (May 11, 2024). ""Vulnerable, Victimized, and Objectified": Understanding Ableist Hate and Harassment Experienced by Disabled Content Creators on Social Media". CHI '24: Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- ↑ Goodley, Dan, and Katherine Runswick‐Cole. 2011. The violence of disablism. in Sociology of health & illness 33.4: 602-617.
