Jamestown, Virginia
Jamestown is a town in the United States. It was founded on May 13, 1607, by about 100 men and boys and women who came to Virginia from London, England.[1] They named the town Jamestown after King James. These men hoped to find gold and silver in order to become rich.[1] There was no gold or silver in the land because of its geography, which they did not understand at the time. However, they did find out that they could make lots of money from growing and selling tobacco crops, due to the marshy soil. Soon, they were making their fortune from tobacco instead of gold.[2] Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in what would become the United States. The town was built on Jamestown Island along the James River. This location was selected because the local Native American tribes did not live on the island. Built on a peninsula, it was a good place to defend themselves from other European colonists.[3]
Background
Before Jamestown, fourteen colonies had been attempted in North America by Spain, France and England.[4] Out of these, only two Spanish colonies survived making Jamestown the third European colony that succeeded for any period of time.[4] The first colony attempted by Spain was in 1526 at San Miguel de Gualdape.[4] Very little was known of it, including that its location was somewhere on the coast of present-day Georgia or South Carolina.[4]
In 1562, Jean Ribaut established a colony of French Huguenots called Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina.[5] He left about 27 men there while he returned to France.[5] Meanwhile, the men of the colony revolted against their commander.[5] They built a boat and attempted to return to France.[5]
The English attempted to establish Roanoke Colony in 1587. But this was a failure.[6] James I of England issued a charter in 1606 to set up a settlement in North America. At the time the English called the entire coast (above Florida) Virginia after Elizabeth I of England, the "virgin queen". One of the purposes of the new colony were to find a river route to the Pacific Ocean to establish trade with the Orient.[1]
Three ships, the Susan Constant, the Godspeed and the Discovery set sail from London on December 20, 1606 bound for Virginia.[a][8] Onboard there were 106 settlers (4 were boys) and 39 crew members.[b][9] However, it is not known how many may have died during the Voyage. They arrived on April 26, 1607.[8]
The Settlement
The first day, between 20 and 30 men explored the site but then they came under attack by Indians at dusk.[8] The people of Jamestown found there were many problems to their colony. The water was bad for drinking. Many insects lived around the swampy land. The insects gave the people who lived there diseases. The leader, Captain John Smith, made the rules for the men. One of the rules was, "You don't work, you don´t eat." The settlers traded with the Powhatan people. They gave the Powhatans tools, pots, and knives, in return for corn and vegetables.
Two thirds died before another ship arrived from England in 1608 with more food and more settlers. During the harsh winter of 1609, most of the settlers starved to death and the survivors resorted to cannibalism.[10]
Jamestown, Virginia Media
Map of Jamestown Island, showing the terrain and location of the original 1607 fort
Salt marshes along Jamestown Island; the ample wetlands on the island proved to be a breeding ground for mosquitoes.
A map acquired by Pedro de Zúñiga y de la Cueva, depicting the fort, c. 1608
Names of those on the Second Supply – Page 445 (or Page 72) "The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles", by Capt. John Smith
A mass grave at Jamestown beneath the foundations of the later capitol buildings, which was later discovered by archaeologists
An 1854 image of the ruins of Jamestown showing the tower of the old Jamestown Church, built in the 17th century
Ruins of Jamestown Church at the turn of the 20th century, prior to the Tercentennial in 1907
The Jamestown Tercentenary Monument, erected on Jamestown Island in 1907, which stands 103 feet (31 m) tall
Jamestown commemorative stamps, issue of 1907The U.S. Post Office issued a set of stamps, on the 300th anniversary of the founding of theJamestown colony. 
Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and her consort Prince Philip inspect the replica of Susan Constant at Jamestown Festival Park on October 16, 1957
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Related pages
- Roanoke Colony
- Starving Time
- Powhatan People (Native tribe from Viriginia)
- Jamestown Settlement
Notes
- ↑ The Susan Constant was the largest at 120 short tons (110 t) and was heavily armed.[7] She carried 71 passengers and crew.[7] The smaller Godspeed had about 52 onboard while the smallest ship, Discovery, carried about 21.[7]
- ↑ The exact number of settlers varies by source.[9] The number 106 is an estimate based on multiple sources.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "1607 Jamestown settlers arrive". This Day in History. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ↑ "Jamestown Colony - Powhatan-English War, Starving Time, West, Pocahontas, Rolfe | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-07-08.
- ↑ "Jamestown - Why There?". Virginia Places. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "North America before Jamestown" (PDF). Cicero. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 28, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "History of Parris Island, South Carolina – Including Charlesfort and Santa Elena". SCIWAY.net, LLC. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ↑ "Jamestown Colony". History. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 James Horn. "Jamestown and the Founding of English America". History Now. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Brendan Wolfe. "Early Jamestown Settlement". Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Colonization: The First English Colonies". The Bishop of Dallas. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ↑ New York Times