Koli piracy in India
The ”'Koli”’ is a native caste of India, Pakistan and Nepal. But a largest number of Kolis lives in Gujarat and Kathiawar of Gujarat has always been famous for its Koli Piracy. In times of unsettled British government, the coasts of Kathiawar have swarmed with Koli pirates, who, from the shelter of every creek and headland, took toll on all merchandise Ships that was carried on the Arabian Sea. Along the southern coast the leading pirates were Shial Koli, Baria Kolis, while, in the Gulf of Cutch and near Dwarka and Porbandar, from an early date, Other Kolis made their names a terror to merchants.[2][3]
| Koli | |
|---|---|
| કોલી | |
 Bust of Koli admiral Kanhoji Angre of Maratha Navy, he was labelled as Pirate by British, Portuguese, Dutch and Mughal marine powers[1] | |
| Classification | Other Backward Class in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka, General or Forward caste in Jammu and Kashmir and Laddakh |
| Religions | Hindu |
| Languages | Koli, Gujarati, Marathi, Hindi, Pahari |
| Country | India, Pakistan, Nepal |
| Populated states | Gujarat, Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Laddakh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Sindh |
| Region | Asia |
| Feudal title | Darbar, Thakor or Thakur, Behera |
| Lineage | Koliya |
| Notable members | List of Koli people |
| Subdivisions | Kori, Kolhi |
| Reservation (Education) | Yes |
| Reservation (Employment) | Yes |
| Kingdom (original) | Koliya Kingdom |
| Kingdom (other) | Jawhar State, Surgana State, Ramnagar Kingdom |
Ghogha and Piram Islands
In 1326, Ghogha and Piram Islands of Gujarat was stronghold of Koli pirates and they often lavied or attacked the ships of traders passed by nearby sea. But Koli pirates were defeated by the Mokhadaji. Later in 1340, Mokhadaji was defeated by Sultan Mohammad Bin Tughluq of Delhi Sultanate and Koli pirates raised again and captured a English ship named ”’Morning Star”’ of big cost and loaded with cargo.[4][5]
Shial bet Island
In 1531, Koli pirates of Shial island of South coast of Kathiawar in Gujarat captured the Shial island from Portuguese India and defeated the Portuguese Indian Navy. After that Chanch also became the stronghold of Koli pirates.[6][7]
Sultanpur
In 1734, The Kolis infested the Coastle of Gujarat. from their stronghold at Sultanpur, on the river Kurla in Kathiawar, they gave much trouble British ships. They were egged on to continue their infamous activities owing to the patronage extended to them by some wealthy Kolis who shared their plunder. The British government despatched British Indian Navy under captain Radford Nunn and captain Daniel Inchbird and he captured 5 of their armed vessels and burnt 14 more. To save others from a similar fate, Nunn burnt nearly 50 small ships of Koli pirates. About six months later, 10 more of their boats were set on fire and these measures silenced them for some time. A letter from the Bombay Castle diary, dated Sunday, the 21st January, 1739, reveals that the Kolis had captured several vessels among which was the ”’Tiger Gallivet”’ (returning from Persia) in whose seizure the Kolis were chief pirates. A few years later in 1749, their renewed activities came to light once more, when they captured a ”’Bengal Ship”’ carrying rupees 60,000 cash and a Cargo worth an equivalent amount. To combat against Koli pirates, the Dutch India, joining hands with the British India in Surat. in December, 1750, both navy forced illegal activites of Koli pirates on the Kurla river. In this campaign, 23 of vessels were captured and this attack again compelled the Kolis to be inactive for a longer period.[8][9]
Talaja
The Talaja coast In Bhavnagar State was infested by the Koli pirates of Kathiawad of Gujarat. They captured the trading ships of Britishers and Bhavnagar State. The British Navy with the help of Bhavnagar ruler Akherajji attacked and defeated the Koli pirates in 1771. But after death of Akherajji, Kolis again started collecting the tax from ships and captured two British and one Bhavnagar ship. In 1807, Wakhatsinji Akherajji Gohil join hands with British government to suppress the Koli piracy under ”’Walker Settlement”’ treaty for peace in Saurashtra ocean and again defeated the Koli pirates and congrats by Bombay government for his dare against Kolis.[10][11]
See also
Koli Piracy In India Media
The traditional "Jolly Roger" flag of piracy
A mosaic of a Roman trireme in Tunisia
A fleet of Vikings, painted mid-12th century
The Vitalienbrüder. Piracy became endemic in the Baltic Sea in the Middle Ages because of the Victual Brothers.
"Cossacks of Azov fighting a Turk ship" by Grigory Gagarin
A French ship under attack by Barbary pirates, ca. 1615
The Bombardment of Algiers by the Anglo-Dutch fleet in 1816 to support the ultimatum to release European slaves
Amaro Pargo was one of the most famous corsairs of the Golden Age of Piracy
U.S. naval officer Stephen Decatur boarding a Tripolitan gunboat during the First Barbary War, 1804
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References
- ↑ Singh, Lt. K.j. (5 November 2018). "As NDA cadet, I was witness to Vice Admiral Awati’s kindness". ThePrint. https://theprint.in/opinion/as-nda-cadet-i-was-witness-to-vice-admiral-awatis-kindness/145378/.
- ↑ Tambs-Lyche, Harald (1996-12-31). Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India. New Delhi, India: Manohar Publishers & Distributors. pp. 134–136. ISBN 978-81-7304-176-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Barendse, Rene J. (2016-07-08). The Arabian Seas: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century. New Delhi, India: Routledge. pp. 355–357. ISBN 978-1-317-45836-4.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Singhji, Virbhadra (1994). The Rajputs of Saurashtra. New Delhi, India: Popular Prakashan. p. 39. ISBN 978-81-7154-546-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Pfeffer, Georg; Behera, Deepak Kumar (1997). Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society. New Delhi, India: Concept Publishing Company. p. 199. ISBN 978-81-7022-640-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Campbell, James M. (1988). Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat. New Delhi, India: Vintage Books. p. 245.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Wilberforce-Bell, Harold (1980). The History of Kathiawad from the Earliest Times. New Delhi, India: Ajay Book Service. p. 48.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Saletore, Rajaram Narayan (1978). Indian Pirates. New Delhi, India: Concept Publishing Company. pp. 80–88.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Sorabshah, Manekshah (1980). A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief Architectural Monuments and Inscriptions. New Delhi, India: Longmans, Green & Company Limited. p. 685.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ India), Oriental Institute (Vadodara (1987). Journal of the Oriental Institute, M.S. University of Barida, Baroda. New Delhi, India: Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao Gaekwad University. p. 157.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Bhadani, B. L.; Tripathi, Dwijendra (1996). Facets of a Marwar Historian: Aspects of India’s Social and Economic History : a Volume in Honour of Shri Govind Ag[a]rwal. New Delhi, India: Publication Scheme. p. 294. ISBN 978-81-86782-18-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)