L. L. Zamenhof
Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof (/ˈzæmənhɒf/; Polish: Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof, Yiddish: לײזער לֵוִי זאַמענהאָף; 15 December [O.S. 3 December] 1859 – 14 April [O.S. 1 April] 1917), credited as L. L. Zamenhof and sometimes as the pseudonymous Dr. Esperanto, was an eye doctor, linguist (who creates a language), and scholar who created the international language Esperanto.
L. L. Zamenhof | |
|---|---|
 Zamenhof, c. 1895 | |
| Born | Leyzer Zamengov 15 December 1859 |
| Died | 14 April 1917 (aged 57) |
| Burial place | Jewish Cemetery, Warsaw 52°14′51″N 20°58′29″E / 52.24750°N 20.97472°ECoordinates: 52°14′51″N 20°58′29″E / 52.24750°N 20.97472°E |
| Occupation | Ophthalmologist |
| Known for | Esperanto |
| Spouse(s) | Klara Zamenhof (m. 1887) |
| Children | Adam, Zofia, and Lidia |
| Awards |  Legion of Honour - Officer (1905) |
| Writing career | |
| Pen name | Dr. Esperanto |
| Notable works |
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| Signature | |
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Biography
Zamenhof was born in 1859 in the town of Białystok, Poland. At the time, Poland was a part of the Russian Empire. Bialystok contained three major groups: Poles, Belorussians, and Yiddish-speaking Jews. Zamenhof thought that one common language would join these groups and stop fights between them.
His first language was said to be Polish. His parents spoke Russian and Yiddish at home. His father was a German teacher, so Zamenhof learned that language from an early age and spoke the language fluently. Later he learned French, Latin, Greek, Hebrew and English. He also had an interest in Italian, Spanish and Lithuanian.
Zamenhof decided that the international language must have a simple grammar and be easier to learn than Volapük, an earlier international language. He attempted to create the international language with a grammar that was rich, and complex. The basics of Esperanto were published in 1887. He translated the Hebrew Bible into Esperanto.
His grandson, Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof, was an engineer.
He was 14 times nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize between 1907 and 1917.[1]
L. L. Zamenhof Media
A page of a birth register for Jews with an entry for birth of LL Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto: "Leyzer Zamengov, son of Mordkha Fayvelovich Zamengov and Liba Sholemovna Sofer"
Families Zamenhof and Alfred Michaux at the first Esperanto Congress, Boulogne 1905
Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, at 19 years old (i.d. ca. 1879).
What later Esperantists called Unua libro ("First book") was published in Russian, 1887.
Zamenhof at his desk in his Warsaw apartment, 1910
Zamenhof speaking at the World Esperanto Congress in Barcelona (Spain) in 1909
Grave of Ludwik Zamenhof, designed by Mieczysław Lubelski and made of Aberdeen granite, Jewish Cemetery, Warsaw 2017
Plaque in Rue du Vieux-Collège, commemorating Zamenhof's residence in Geneva, Switzerland in 1905
Zamenhof Street, Tel Aviv
References
- ↑ "Nomination Database". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. 2014. Retrieved 2018-01-13.