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Republics of Russia

In Russia, republics are a type of federal subject. They were originally created as nation states for non-Russian ethnic groups, but have since lost most of their autonomy.

Republics
Republics of Russia (labeled).svg
Republics of Russia. Colors indicate federal districts. Republics are listed west to east:
LocationRussian Federation
Number21 (without Crimea)
22 (with Crimea)
PopulationsSmallest: Altai, 206,195
Largest: Bashkortostan, 4,072,102
AreasSmallest: Ingushetia, 3,123 km2 (1,206 sq mi)
Largest: Sakha, 3,083,523 km2 (1,190,555 sq mi)
GovernmentRepublican government
SubdivisionsDistricts, cities and towns of republic significance

Status of Southeast Ukraine

See also: Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and Annexation of Southern and Eastern Ukraine

On 18 March 2014, Russia annexed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea of Ukraine after an unrecognized referendum.[1]The peninsula became the Republic of Crimea, the 22nd republic of Russia. However, Ukraine and most of the international community do not recognize Crimea's annexation.[2] United Nations General Assembly declared the vote to be illegitimate.[3]

On 24 February 2022 Russia invaded Ukraine and took large areas of southern and eastern Ukraine. As early as March leaders in the unrecognized Luhansk People's Republic[4] and Donetsk People's Republic[5] both said their wish to join Russia, originally once Russia captured all their claimed territory. However, after quick Ukrainian gains in the east in September, Russia and the unrecognized republics rushed a series of referendums on annexation to Russia. The referendum results claimed a large majority supported annexation.[6] On 30 September 2022, Putin formally announced the annexation of the two republics.[7] However, the referendums were recognized internationally as a sham while the European Union and G7 said they were illegal.[8] United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres condemned the annexations as a violation of the UN Charter.[9]

Kherson Oblast, another region annexed by Russia, was originally thought to be upgrading itself to a "people's republic", according to United States intelligence.[10] However, it never happened, and by the time of the referendums in late September 2022, Kherson's status in Russia stayed unmentioned. When Kherson was annexed, along with neighbouring Zaporizhzhia Oblast, they became oblasts instead of republics.

Republics

Name Map Domestic common and formal names Capital Titular Nationality Population (2010)[11]
 Area
Republic of Adygea
Map showing Adygea in Russia
 Russian: Республика Адыгея (Respublika Adygeya)

Adyghe: Адыгэ Республик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Adıgə Respublik) 		Russian: Майкоп (Maykop)


Adyghe: Мыекъуапэ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mıequapə)
439,996
7,792 km2 (3,009 sq mi)
Altai Republic
Map showing Altai in Russia
 Russian: Республика Алтай (Respublika Altay)

Altay: Алтай Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Altay Respublika)

Kazakh: [Алтай – Алтай Республикасы] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (Altai — Altai Respublikasy)

Russian: Горно-Алтайск (Gorno-Altaysk)

Altay: Улалу (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ulalu)

Kazakh: [Горно-Алтайск] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (Gorno-Altaisk)
Altai
Increase33.9%
206,168
92,903 km2 (35,870 sq mi)
Republic of Bashkortostan
Map showing Bashkortostan in Russia
 Russian: Республика Башкортостан (Respublika Bashkortostan)

Bashkir: [Башҡортостан Республикаһы] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (Başqortostan Respublikahı) 		Russian: Уфа (Ufa)

Bashkir: [Өфө] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (Öfö)
4,072,292
142,947 km2 (55,192 sq mi)
Republic of Buryatia
Map showing Buryatia in Russia
 Russian: Республика Бурятия (Respublika Buryatiya)

Buryat: Буряад Улас (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Buryaad Ulas) 		Russian: Улан-Удэ (Ulan-Ude)

Buryat: Улаан Үдэ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ulaan Üde)
972,021
351,334 km2 (135,651 sq mi)
Chechen Republic
Map showing Chechnya in Russia
 Russian: Чеченская Республика (Chechenskaya Respublika)

Chechen: Нохчийн Республика (Noxçiyn Respublika) 		Russian: Грозный (Grozny)

Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала (Sölƶa-Ġala)
1,268,989
16,165 km2 (6,241 sq mi)
Chuvash Republic
Map showing Chuvashia in Russia
 Russian: Чувашская Республика (Chuvashskaya Respublika)

Chuvash: Чӑваш Республики (Čăvaš Respubliki) 		Russian: Чебоксары (Cheboksary)

Chuvash: Шупашкар (Šupaškar)
Chuvash
Increase67.7%
1,251,619
18,343 km2 (7,082 sq mi)
Republic of Crimea[a]
Map showing Crimea in Russia
 Russian: Республика Крым (Krym — Respublika Krym)

Ukrainian: Республіка Крим (Respublika Krym)

Crimean Tatar: Къырым Джумхуриети (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qırım Cumhuriyeti) 		Russian: Симферополь (Simferopol)

Ukrainian: Сiмферополь (Simferopol)

Crimean Tatar: Акъмесджит (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Aqmescit)
—[b]
1,913,731
26,081 km2 (10,070 sq mi)
Republic of Dagestan
Map showing Dagestan in Russia
 Russian: Дагестан — Республика Дагестан (Dagestan — Respublika Dagestan)
Thirteen other official names
 Russian: Махачкала (Makhachkala)
Thirteen indigenous nationalities
List
2,910,249
50,270 km2 (19,409 sq mi)
Donetsk People's Republic[c]
Map showing Donetsk in Russia
 Russian: Донецкая Народная Республика (Donetskaya Narodnaya Respublika) Russian: Донецк (Donetsk)
—
4,100,280[d]
26,517 km2 (10,238 sq mi)[e]
Republic of Ingushetia
Map showing Ingushetia in Russia
 Russian: Республика Ингушетия (Respublika Ingushetiya)

Ingush: ГӀалгӀай Мохк (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ġalġay Moxk) 		Russian: Магас (Magas)

Ingush: Магас (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Magas)
Ingush
Increase94.1%
412,529
3,123 km2 (1,206 sq mi)
Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Map showing Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia
 Russian: Кабардино-Балкарская Республика (Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika)

Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qəbərdey-Batlqər Respublikə)

Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qabartı-Malqar Respublika) 		Russian: Нальчик (Nalchik)

Kabardian: Налщӏэч (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nalş’əç)

Karachay-Balkar: Нальчик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nalchik)
859,939
12,470 km2 (4,815 sq mi)
Republic of Kalmykia
Map showing Kalmykia in Russia
 Russian: Республика Калмыкия (Respublika Kalmykiya)

Kalmyk: Хальмг Таңһч (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Haľmg Tañğç) 		Russian: Элиста (Elista)

Kalmyk: Элст (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Elst)
Kalmyks
Increase57.4%
289,481
74,731 km2 (28,854 sq mi)
Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Map showing Karachay-Cherkessia in Russia
 Russian: Карачаево-Черкесская Республика (Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika)
Four other official names
 Russian: Черкесск (Čerkessk)
Four other official names
477,859
14,277 km2 (5,512 sq mi)
Republic of Karelia
Map showing Karelia in Russia
 Russian: Республика Карелия (Respublika Kareliya)

Karelian: Karjalan tazavaldu[f]		 Russian: Петрозаводск (Petrozavodsk)

Karelian: Petroskoi
643,548
180,520 km2 (69,699 sq mi)
Republic of Khakassia
Map showing Khakassia in Russia
 Russian: Республика Хакасия (Respublika Khakasiya)

Khakas: Хакас Республиказы (Khakas Respublikazy) 		Russian: Абакан (Abakan)

Khakas: Абахан (Abakhan)
Khakas
Increase12.1%
532,403
61,569 km2 (23,772 sq mi)
Komi Republic
Map showing Komi in Russia
 Russian: Республика Коми (Respublika Komi)

Komi: Коми Республика (Komi Respublika) 		Russian: Сыктывкар (Syktyvkar)

Komi: Сыктывкар (Syktyvkar)
Komi
Decrease23.7%
901,189
416,774 km2 (160,917 sq mi)
Luhansk People’s Republic[c]
Map showing Luhansk in Russia
 Russian: Луганская Народная Республика (Luganskaya Narodnaya Respublika) Russian: Луганск (Lugansk)
—
2,121,322[d]
26,684 km2 (10,303 sq mi)[e]
Mari El Republic
Map showing Mari El in Russia
 Russian: Республика Марий Эл (Respublika Mariy El)

Hill Mari: Мары Эл Республик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mary El Republik)

Meadow Mari: Марий Эл Республик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mariy El Republik) 		Russian: Йошкар-Ола (Yoshkar-Ola)

Hill Mari: Йошкар-Ола (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Yoshkar-Ola)

Meadow Mari: Йошкар-Ола (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Yoshkar-Ola)
Mari
Increase43.9%
696,459
23,375 km2 (9,025 sq mi)
Republic of Mordovia
Map showing Mordovia in Russia
 Russian: Республика Мордовия (Respublika Mordoviya)

Erzya: Мордовия Республикась (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mordovija Respublikas)

Moksha: Мордовия Pеспубликась (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mordovija Respublikas) 		Russian: Саранск (Saransk)

Erzya: Саран ош (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Saran osh)

Moksha: Саранош (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Saranosh)
834,755
26,128 km2 (10,088 sq mi)
Republic of North Ossetia–Alania
Map showing North Ossetia–Alania in Russia
 Russian: Республика Северная Осетия–Алания (Respublika Severnaya Osetiya–Alaniya)

Ossetian: Республикӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон–Алани (Respublikæ Cægat Iryston–Alani) 		Russian: Владикавказ (Vladikavkaz)

Ossetian: Дзӕуджыхъӕу (Dzæudžyqæu)
712,980
7,987 km2 (3,084 sq mi)
Republic of Sakha
Map showing the Sakha Republic in Russia
 Russian: Республика Саха (Respublika Sakha)

Yakut: Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Sakha Öröspüübülükete) 		Russian: Якутск (Yakutsk)

Yakut: Дьокуускай (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Dokuuskay)
Yakuts
Increase49.9%
958,528
3,083,523 km2 (1,190,555 sq mi)
Republic of Tatarstan
Map showing Tatarstan in Russia
 Russian: Республика Татарстан (Respublika Tatarstan)

Tatar: Татарстан Республикасы (Tatarstan Respublikası) 		Russian: Казань (Kazan)

Tatar: Казан (Kazan)
Tatars
Increase53.2%
3,786,488
67,847 km2 (26,196 sq mi)
Tuva Republic
Map showing Tuva in Russia
 Russian: Республика Тува (Respublika Tuva)

Tuvan: Тыва Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Tyva Respublika) 		Russian: Кызыл (Kyzyl)

Tuvan: Кызыл (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Kyzyl)
307,930
168,604 km2 (65,098 sq mi)
Udmurt Republic
Map showing Udmurtia in Russia
 Russian: Удмуртская Республика (Udmurtskaya Respublika)

Udmurt: Удмурт Элькун (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Udmurt Elkun) 		Russian: Ижевск (Izhevsk)

Udmurt: Ижкар (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ižkar)
1,521,420
42,061 km2 (16,240 sq mi)

Republics Of Russia Media

References

  1. ↑ Gutterman, Steve; Polityuk, Pavel (2014-03-18). "Putin signs Crimea treaty as Ukraine serviceman dies in attack" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140318. Retrieved 2019-05-08. 
  2. ↑ Luhn, Alec (2014-03-18). "Red Square rally hails Vladimir Putin after Crimea accession" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/18/red-square-rally-vladimir-putin-crimea. Retrieved 2019-05-08. 
  3. ↑ Charbonneau, Louis; Donath, Mirjam (2014-03-27). "U.N. General Assembly declares Crimea secession vote invalid" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-un-idUSBREA2Q1GA20140327. Retrieved 2019-05-08. 
  4. ↑ "Ukrainian rebel region Luhansk may vote to join Russia". Reuters. 27 March 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-rebel-region-may-hold-referendum-joining-russia-2022-03-27/. Retrieved 31 March 2022. 
  5. ↑ Humphries, Conor (29 March 2022). Trevelyan, Mark. ed. Russia-backed Donetsk Republic may consider joining Russia - leader. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-backed-donetsk-republic-will-consider-joining-russia-leader-2022-03-29/. 
  6. ↑ Picheta, Rob (27 September 2022). "Russian forces have staged illegal 'referendums' in Ukraine. What comes next?". CNN. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  7. ↑ "Putin says Russia has 'four new regions' as he announces annexation of Ukrainian territory". Reuters. 30 September 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-says-russia-has-four-new-regions-he-announces-annexation-ukrainian-2022-09-30/. Retrieved 1 October 2022. 
  8. ↑ "West condemns Russia's 'illegal' annexation of Ukraine provinces". Al Jazeera. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  9. ↑ "Ukraine: UN Secretary-General condemns Russia annexation plan". United Nations. 29 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  10. ↑ Mcilkenny, Stephen (3 May 2022). "Kherson Ukraine: Russia planning to annex new areas of Ukraine including Donetsk and Luhansk regions". The Scotsman. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  11. ↑ "2010 All-Russian Population Census" (PDF). All-Russian Population Census (in русский). 2011-12-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-05. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  12. ↑ Heaney 2018, p. 180.
  13. ↑ Goble, Paul (2015-11-03). "Why are Only Some Non-Russian Republics Led by Members of Their Titular Nationalities?". The Interpreter. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  14. ↑ Jung, Hakyung (2012). "Language in a Borderland: On the Official Status of Karelian Language". Slavic Studies: 1 and 13 – via Academia.
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Crimea was annexed by Russia in 2014; most of the international community recognizes it as a part of Ukraine.[12]
  2. ↑ The republic was not formed with a titular nationality in mind.[13]
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Territory annexed by Russia from Ukraine in 2022. Internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Pre-war population based on Ukrainian estimates.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Republic only has partial control of its territory.
  6. ↑ The Karelian language has no official status in the republic but is nevertheless recognized as a "regional language" alongside Finnish and Veps.[14]

Sources

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