Republics of Russia

Republics
Republics
	Republics of Russia. Colors indicate federal districts. Republics are listed west to east: Southern (pink): Crimea, Adygea, Kalmykia; N. Caucasian (purple): Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia–Alania, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Dagestan; Volga (green): Mordovia, Chuvashia, Mari El, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Bashkortostan; Northwestern (aqua): Karelia, Komi; Siberian (blue): Altai, Khakassia, Tuva, Buryatia; Far Eastern (amber): Sakha;
Location	Russian Federation
Number	21 (without Crimea); 22 (with Crimea)
Populations	Smallest: Altai, 206,195; Largest: Bashkortostan, 4,072,102
Areas	Smallest: Ingushetia, 3,123 km2 (1,206 sq mi); Largest: Sakha, 3,083,523 km2 (1,190,555 sq mi)
Government	Republican government
Subdivisions	Districts, cities and towns of republic significance

In Russia, republics are a type of federal subject. They were originally created as nation states for non-Russian ethnic groups, but have since lost most of their autonomy.

Status of Southeast Ukraine

On 18 March 2014, Russia annexed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea of Ukraine after an unrecognized referendum.^[2]The peninsula became the Republic of Crimea, the 22nd republic of Russia. However, Ukraine and most of the international community do not recognize Crimea's annexation.^[3] United Nations General Assembly declared the vote to be illegitimate.^[4]

On 24 February 2022 Russia invaded Ukraine and took large areas of southern and eastern Ukraine. As early as March leaders in the unrecognized Luhansk People's Republic^[5] and Donetsk People's Republic^[6] both said their wish to join Russia, originally once Russia captured all their claimed territory. However, after quick Ukrainian gains in the east in September, Russia and the unrecognized republics rushed a series of referendums on annexation to Russia. The referendum results claimed a large majority supported annexation.^[7] On 30 September 2022, Putin formally announced the annexation of the two republics.^[8] However, the referendums were recognized internationally as a sham while the European Union and G7 said they were illegal.^[9] United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres condemned the annexations as a violation of the UN Charter.^[10]

Kherson Oblast, another region annexed by Russia, was originally thought to be upgrading itself to a "people's republic", according to United States intelligence.^[11] However, it never happened, and by the time of the referendums in late September 2022, Kherson's status in Russia stayed unmentioned. When Kherson was annexed, along with neighbouring Zaporizhzhia Oblast, they became oblasts instead of republics.

Republics

For the individual flags of the republics, see Flags of the federal subjects of Russia.

Name	Domestic common and formal names	Capital	Titular Nationality	Population (2010)^[12]	Area
Republic of Adygea	Russian: Республика Адыгея (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Adygeya) Adyghe: Адыгэ Республик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Adıgə Respublik)	Maykop Russian: Майкоп (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Maykop) Adyghe: Мыекъуапэ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mıequapə)	Circassians 25.2%	439,996	7792 7,792 km² (3,009 sq mi)
Altai Republic	Russian: Республика Алтай (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Altay) Altay: Алтай Республикаcode: alt is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Altay Respublika) Kazakh: Алтай – Алтай Республикасы (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Altai — Altai Respublikasy)	Gorno-Altaysk Russian: Горно-Алтайск (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Gorno-Altaysk) Altay: Улалуcode: alt is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ulalu) Kazakh: Горно-Алтайск (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Gorno-Altaisk)	Altai 33.9%	206,168	92903 92,903 km² (35,870 sq mi)
Republic of Bashkortostan	Russian: Республика Башкортостан (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Bashkortostan) Bashkir: Башҡортостан Республикаһы (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Başqortostan Respublikahı)	Ufa Russian: Уфа (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found.* transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ufa) Bashkir: Өфө* (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Öfö)	Bashkirs 29.5%	4,072,292	142947 142,947 km² (55,192 sq mi)
Republic of Buryatia	Russian: Республика Бурятия (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Buryatiya) Buryat: Буряад Уласcode: bua is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Buryaad Ulas)	Ulan-Ude Russian: Улан-Удэ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ulan-Ude) Buryat: Улаан Үдэcode: bua is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ulaan Üde)	Buryats 30%	972,021	351334 351,334 km² (135,651 sq mi)
Chechen Republic	Russian: Чеченская Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Chechenskaya Respublika) Chechen: Нохчийн Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Noxçiyn Respublika)	Grozny Russian: Грозный (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Grozny) Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Sölƶa-Ġala)	Chechens 93.4%	1,268,989	16165 16,165 km² (6,241 sq mi)
Chuvash Republic	Russian: Чувашская Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Chuvashskaya Respublika) Chuvash: Чӑваш Республикиcode: cv is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Čăvaš Respubliki)	Cheboksary Russian: Чебоксары (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Cheboksary) Chuvash: Шупашкарcode: cv is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Šupaškar)	Chuvash 67.7%	1,251,619	18343 18,343 km² (7,082 sq mi)
Republic of Crimea^[a]	Russian: Республика Крым (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Krym — Respublika Krym) Ukrainian: Республіка Кримcode: uk is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Krym) Crimean Tatar: Къырым Джумхуриетиcode: crh is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qırım Cumhuriyeti)	Simferopol Russian: Симферополь (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Simferopol) Ukrainian: Сiмферопольcode: uk is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Simferopol) Crimean Tatar: Акъмесджитcode: crh is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Aqmescit)	—^[b]	1,913,731	26081 26,081 km² (10,070 sq mi)
Republic of Dagestan	Russian: Дагестан — Республика Дагестан (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Dagestan — Respublika Dagestan) Thirteen other official names Aghul: Республика Дагъустан (Respublika Daġustan) Avar: Дагъистаналъул Жумгьурият (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Daġistanałul Jumhuriyat) Azerbaijani: Дағыстан Республикасы (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Dağıstan Respublikası) Chechen: Дегӏестан Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Deġestan Respublika) Dargwa: Дагъистан Республика (Daġistan Respublika) Kumyk: Дагъыстан Жумгьуриятcode: kum is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Dağıstan Cumhuriyat) Lak: Дагъусттаннал Республикаcode: lbe is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Daġusttannal Respublika) Lezgian: Республика Дагъустанcode: lez is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Daġustan) Nogai: Дагыстан Республикасыcode: nog is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Dağıstan Respublikası) Rutul: Республика Дагъустанcode: rut is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Daġustan) Tabassaran: Дагъустан Республикаcode: tab is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Daġustan Respublika) Tat: Республикей Догъисту (Respublikei Doġistu) Tsakhur: Республика Дагъустан (Respublika Daġustan)	Makhachkala Russian: Махачкала (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Makhachkala)	Thirteen indigenous nationalities List Aghuls 1% Avars 29.4% Azerbaijanis 4.5% Chechens 3.2% Dargins 17% Kumyks 14.9% Laks 5.6% Lezgins 13.3% Nogais 1.4% Rutuls 1% Tabasarans 4.1% Tats 0.5% Tsakhurs 0.3%	2,910,249	50270 50,270 km² (19,409 sq mi)
Donetsk People's Republic^[c]	Russian: Донецкая Народная Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Donetskaya Narodnaya Respublika)	Donetsk Russian: Донецк (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Donetsk)	—	4,100,280^[d]	26517 26,517 km² (10,238 sq mi)^[e]
Republic of Ingushetia	Russian: Республика Ингушетия (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Ingushetiya) Ingush: ГӀалгӀай Мохкcode: inh is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ġalġay Moxk)	Magas Russian: Магас (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Magas) Ingush: Магасcode: inh is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Magas)	Ingush 94.1%	412,529	3123 3,123 km² (1,206 sq mi)
Kabardino-Balkar Republic	Russian: Кабардино-Балкарская Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika) Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэcode: kbd is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qəbərdey-Batlqər Respublikə) Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qabartı-Malqar Respublika)	Nalchik Russian: Нальчик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nalchik) Kabardian: Налщӏэчcode: kbd is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nalş’əç) Karachay-Balkar: Нальчик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nalchik)	Balkars 12.7% Kabardians 57.2%	859,939	12470 12,470 km² (4,815 sq mi)
Republic of Kalmykia	Russian: Республика Калмыкия (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Kalmykiya) Kalmyk: Хальмг Таңһчcode: xal is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Haľmg Tañğç)	Elista Russian: Элиста (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Elista) Kalmyk: Элстcode: xal is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found.* transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Elst*)	Kalmyks 57.4%	289,481	74731 74,731 km² (28,854 sq mi)
Karachay-Cherkess Republic	Russian: Карачаево-Черкесская Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika) Four other official names Abaza: Къарча-Черкес Республика (Qarça-Çerkes Respublika) Kabardian: Къэрэшей-Шэрджэс Республикэcode: kbd is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qərəṩey-Ṩərcəs Respublikə) Karachay-Balkar: Къарачай-Черкес Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qaraçay-Çerkes Respublika) Nogai: Карашай-Шеркеш Республикаcode: nog is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Karaşay-Şerkeş Respublika)	Cherkessk Russian: Черкесск (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Čerkessk) Four other official names Abaza: Черкес къала (Черкесск) Kabardian: Шэрджэс къалэcode: kbd is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ṩərcəs qalə) Karachay-Balkar: Черкесск (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Çerkessk) Nogai: Шеркеш шахарcode: nog is deprecated (Şerkeş şahar)	Abazins 7.8% Kabardians 11.9% Karachays 41% Nogais 3.3%	477,859	14277 14,277 km² (5,512 sq mi)
Republic of Karelia	Russian: Республика Карелия (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Kareliya) Karelian: Karjalan tazavalducode: krl is deprecated ^[f]	Petrozavodsk Russian: Петрозаводск (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Petrozavodsk) Karelian: Petroskoicode: krl is deprecated	Karelians 7.4%	643,548	180520 180,520 km² (69,699 sq mi)
Republic of Khakassia	Russian: Республика Хакасия (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Khakasiya) Khakas: Хакас Республиказы (Khakas Respublikazy)	Abakan Russian: Абакан (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Abakan) Khakas: Абахан (Abakhan)	Khakas 12.1%	532,403	61569 61,569 km² (23,772 sq mi)
Komi Republic	Russian: Республика Коми (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Komi) Komi: Коми Республикаcode: kv is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Komi Respublika)	Syktyvkar Russian: Сыктывкар (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Syktyvkar) Komi: Сыктывкарcode: kv is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Syktyvkar)	Komi 23.7%	901,189	416774 416,774 km² (160,917 sq mi)
Lugansk People’s Republic^[c]	Russian: Луганская Народная Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Luganskaya Narodnaya Respublika)	Luhansk Russian: Луганск (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Lugansk)	—	2,121,322^[d]	26684 26,684 km² (10,303 sq mi)^[e]
Mari El Republic	Russian: Республика Марий Эл (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Mariy El) Hill Mari: Мары Эл Республикcode: mrj is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mary El Republik) Meadow Mari: Марий Эл Республикcode: mhr is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mariy El Republik)	Yoshkar-Ola Russian: Йошкар-Ола (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Yoshkar-Ola) Hill Mari: Йошкар-Олаcode: mrj is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Yoshkar-Ola) Meadow Mari: Йошкар-Олаcode: mhr is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Yoshkar-Ola)	Mari 43.9%	696,459	23375 23,375 km² (9,025 sq mi)
Republic of Mordovia	Russian: Республика Мордовия (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Mordoviya) Erzya: Мордовия Республикасьcode: myv is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mordovija Respublikas) Moksha: Мордовия Pеспубликасьcode: mdf is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mordovija Respublikas)	Saransk Russian: Саранск (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Saransk) Erzya: Саран ошcode: myv is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Saran osh) Moksha: Сараношcode: mdf is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Saranosh)	Mordvins 40%	834,755	26128 26,128 km² (10,088 sq mi)
Republic of North Ossetia–Alania	Russian: Республика Северная Осетия–Алания (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Severnaya Osetiya–Alaniya) Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 468: attempt to index field 'scripts' (a boolean value). (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublikæ Cægat Iryston–Alani)	Vladikavkaz Russian: Владикавказ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Vladikavkaz) Ossetian: Дзӕуджыхъӕуcode: os is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Dzæudžyqæu)	Ossetians 65.1%	712,980	7987 7,987 km² (3,084 sq mi)
Republic of Sakha	Russian: Республика Саха (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Sakha) Yakut: Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэcode: sah is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Sakha Öröspüübülükete)	Yakutsk Russian: Якутск (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Yakutsk) Yakut: Дьокуускайcode: sah is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Dokuuskay)	Yakuts 49.9%	958,528	3083523 3,083,523 km² (1,190,555 sq mi)
Republic of Tatarstan	Russian: Республика Татарстан (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Tatarstan) Tatar: Татарстан Республикасыcode: tt is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Tatarstan Respublikası)	Kazan Russian: Казань (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Kazan) Tatar: Казанcode: tt is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Kazan)	Tatars 53.2%	3,786,488	67847 67,847 km² (26,196 sq mi)
Tuva Republic	Russian: Республика Тува (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Respublika Tuva) Tuvan: Тыва Республикаcode: tyv is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Tyva Respublika)	Kyzyl Russian: Кызыл (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Kyzyl) Tuvan: Кызылcode: tyv is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Kyzyl)	Tuvans 82%	307,930	168604 168,604 km² (65,098 sq mi)
Udmurt Republic	Russian: Удмуртская Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Udmurtskaya Respublika) Udmurt: Удмурт Элькунcode: udm is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Udmurt Elkun)	Izhevsk Russian: Ижевск (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Izhevsk) Udmurt: Ижкарcode: udm is deprecated (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ižkar)	Udmurts 28%	1,521,420	42061 42,061 km² (16,240 sq mi)

Republics Of Russia Media

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on the incorporation of Tuva into the Soviet Union as an autonomous oblast, 11 October 1944. Tuva would not become an ASSR until 1961.
Republics of the Soviet Union in 1954–1991
A Chechen fighter near the burned-out presidential palace during the battle of Grozny, January 1995. The building became a symbol of resistance for the supporters of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
Vladimir Putin with local people in the Siberian republic of Tuva, 2007
Statehood Day celebrations in Yakutsk, the capital of the Republic of Sakha, 2013
Russian President Boris Yeltsin and Tatarstan President Mintimer Shaimiev shaking hands after signing an agreement to grant Tatarstan devolved powers in 1994. During the 1990s the republics had significant autonomy.
Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chechnya's leader Ramzan Kadyrov, 2008
Regions of Ukraine annexed by Russia, with a red line marking the area of actual control by Russia on 30 September 2022.

References

↑ Heaney 2018, p. 180.
↑ Gutterman, Steve; Polityuk, Pavel (2014-03-18). "Putin signs Crimea treaty as Ukraine serviceman dies in attack" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140318. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
↑ Luhn, Alec (2014-03-18). "Red Square rally hails Vladimir Putin after Crimea accession" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/18/red-square-rally-vladimir-putin-crimea. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
↑ Charbonneau, Louis; Donath, Mirjam (2014-03-27). "U.N. General Assembly declares Crimea secession vote invalid" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-un-idUSBREA2Q1GA20140327. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
↑ "Ukrainian rebel region Luhansk may vote to join Russia". Reuters. 27 March 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-rebel-region-may-hold-referendum-joining-russia-2022-03-27/. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
↑ Humphries, Conor (29 March 2022). Trevelyan, Mark. ed. Russia-backed Donetsk Republic may consider joining Russia - leader. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-backed-donetsk-republic-will-consider-joining-russia-leader-2022-03-29/.
↑ Picheta, Rob (27 September 2022). "Russian forces have staged illegal 'referendums' in Ukraine. What comes next?". CNN. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
↑ "Putin says Russia has 'four new regions' as he announces annexation of Ukrainian territory". Reuters. 30 September 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-says-russia-has-four-new-regions-he-announces-annexation-ukrainian-2022-09-30/. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
↑ "West condemns Russia's 'illegal' annexation of Ukraine provinces". Al Jazeera. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
↑ "Ukraine: UN Secretary-General condemns Russia annexation plan". United Nations. 29 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
↑ Mcilkenny, Stephen (3 May 2022). "Kherson Ukraine: Russia planning to annex new areas of Ukraine including Donetsk and Luhansk regions". The Scotsman. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
↑ "2010 All-Russian Population Census" (PDF). All-Russian Population Census (in русский). 2011-12-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-05. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
↑ Goble, Paul (2015-11-03). "Why are Only Some Non-Russian Republics Led by Members of Their Titular Nationalities?". The Interpreter. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
↑ Jung, Hakyung (2012). "Language in a Borderland: On the Official Status of Karelian Language". Slavic Studies: 1 and 13 – via Academia.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Crimea was annexed by Russia in 2014; most of the international community recognizes it as a part of Ukraine.^[1]
↑ The republic was not formed with a titular nationality in mind.^[13]
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Territory annexed by Russia from Ukraine in 2022. Internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Pre-war population based on Ukrainian estimates.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Republic only has partial control of its territory.
↑ The Karelian language has no official status in the republic but is nevertheless recognized as a "regional language" alongside Finnish and Veps.^[14]

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John Raymond, Walter (1992). Dictionary of Politics: Selected American and Foreign Political and Legal Terms. Brunswick Publishing Corp. pp. 120. ISBN 9781556180088.
Cope, Zak; Ness, Immanuel (2016). The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism. Palgrave Macmillian. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-230-39278-6.
Feldbrugge, Ferdinand; Simons, William; Van den Berg, Gerard (1985). Encyclopedia of Soviet Law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 467. ISBN 90-247-3075-9.
Kemp, Walter (1999). Nationalism and Communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union: A Basic Contradiction?. Macmillian Press LTD. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-230-37525-3.
Chulos, Chris; Piirainen, Timo (2000). The Fall of an Empire, the Birth of a Nation: National Identities in Russia. Ashgate Publishing. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-315-20039-2.
Rett, Ludwikowski (1996). Constitution-making in the Region of Former Soviet Dominance. Duke University Press. p. 618. ISBN 978-0-8223-1802-6.
Kotljarchuk, Andrej; Sundström, Olle (2017). Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin's Soviet Union: New Dimensions of Research (PDF). Södertörn University. p. 15-16. ISBN 978-91-7601-777-7.
Bugay, Nikolay (1996). The Deportation of Peoples in the Soviet Union. Nova Science Publishers. p. 156. ISBN 1-56072-371-8.
Askerov, Ali (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Chechen Conflict. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-4422-4925-7.
Guchinova, Elza-Bair (2007). Deportation of the Kalmyks (1943–1956): Stigmatized Ethnicity. Hokkaido University Press. pp. 187–188.
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[FOOTNOTEHeaney2018180-1] Heaney 2018, p. 180.

[crimea-3] Gutterman, Steve; Polityuk, Pavel (2014-03-18). "Putin signs Crimea treaty as Ukraine serviceman dies in attack" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140318. Retrieved 2019-05-08.

[4] Luhn, Alec (2014-03-18). "Red Square rally hails Vladimir Putin after Crimea accession" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/18/red-square-rally-vladimir-putin-crimea. Retrieved 2019-05-08.

[5] Charbonneau, Louis; Donath, Mirjam (2014-03-27). "U.N. General Assembly declares Crimea secession vote invalid" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-un-idUSBREA2Q1GA20140327. Retrieved 2019-05-08.

[6] "Ukrainian rebel region Luhansk may vote to join Russia". Reuters. 27 March 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-rebel-region-may-hold-referendum-joining-russia-2022-03-27/. Retrieved 31 March 2022.

[7] Humphries, Conor (29 March 2022). Trevelyan, Mark. ed. Russia-backed Donetsk Republic may consider joining Russia - leader. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-backed-donetsk-republic-will-consider-joining-russia-leader-2022-03-29/.

[8] Picheta, Rob (27 September 2022). "Russian forces have staged illegal 'referendums' in Ukraine. What comes next?". CNN. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[9] "Putin says Russia has 'four new regions' as he announces annexation of Ukrainian territory". Reuters. 30 September 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-says-russia-has-four-new-regions-he-announces-annexation-ukrainian-2022-09-30/. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[10] "West condemns Russia's 'illegal' annexation of Ukraine provinces". Al Jazeera. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[11] "Ukraine: UN Secretary-General condemns Russia annexation plan". United Nations. 29 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[12] Mcilkenny, Stephen (3 May 2022). "Kherson Ukraine: Russia planning to annex new areas of Ukraine including Donetsk and Luhansk regions". The Scotsman. Retrieved 10 May 2022.

[census-13] "2010 All-Russian Population Census" (PDF). All-Russian Population Census (in русский). 2011-12-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-05. Retrieved 2019-05-12.

[14] Goble, Paul (2015-11-03). "Why are Only Some Non-Russian Republics Led by Members of Their Titular Nationalities?". The Interpreter. Retrieved 2019-05-13.

[19] Jung, Hakyung (2012). "Language in a Borderland: On the Official Status of Karelian Language". Slavic Studies: 1 and 13 – via Academia.

[crimea-2] 1.0 ^1.1 Crimea was annexed by Russia in 2014; most of the international community recognizes it as a part of Ukraine.^[1]

[15] The republic was not formed with a titular nationality in mind.^[13]

[2022annex-16] 3.0 ^3.1 Territory annexed by Russia from Ukraine in 2022. Internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.

[population-17] 4.0 ^4.1 Pre-war population based on Ukrainian estimates.

[TerriControl-18] 5.0 ^5.1 Republic only has partial control of its territory.

[20] The Karelian language has no official status in the republic but is nevertheless recognized as a "regional language" alongside Finnish and Veps.^[14]

[a]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[f]

[1]

[13]

[14]

Republics
Republics of Russia. Colors indicate federal districts. Republics are listed west to east: Southern (pink): Crimea,^[a] Adygea, Kalmykia N. Caucasian (purple): Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia–Alania, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Dagestan Volga (green): Mordovia, Chuvashia, Mari El, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Bashkortostan Northwestern (aqua): Karelia, Komi Siberian (blue): Altai, Khakassia, Tuva, Buryatia Far Eastern (amber): Sakha
Location	Russian Federation
Number	21 (without Crimea) 22 (with Crimea)
Populations	Smallest: Altai, 206,195 Largest: Bashkortostan, 4,072,102
Areas	Smallest: Ingushetia, 3,123 km² (1,206 sq mi) Largest: Sakha, 3,083,523 km² (1,190,555 sq mi)
Government	Republican government
Subdivisions	Districts, cities and towns of republic significance