Republics of Russia
In Russia, republics are a type of federal subject. They were originally created as nation states for non-Russian ethnic groups, but have since lost most of their autonomy.
| Republics | |
|---|---|
Republics of Russia. Colors indicate federal districts. Republics are listed west to east:
| |
| Location | Russian Federation |
| Number | 21 (without Crimea) 22 (with Crimea) |
| Populations | Smallest: Altai, 206,195 Largest: Bashkortostan, 4,072,102 |
| Areas | Smallest: Ingushetia, 3,123 km2 (1,206 sq mi) Largest: Sakha, 3,083,523 km2 (1,190,555 sq mi) |
| Government | Republican government |
| Subdivisions | Districts, cities and towns of republic significance |
Status of Southeast Ukraine
On 18 March 2014, Russia annexed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea of Ukraine after an unrecognized referendum.[1]The peninsula became the Republic of Crimea, the 22nd republic of Russia. However, Ukraine and most of the international community do not recognize Crimea's annexation.[2] United Nations General Assembly declared the vote to be illegitimate.[3]
On 24 February 2022 Russia invaded Ukraine and took large areas of southern and eastern Ukraine. As early as March leaders in the unrecognized Luhansk People's Republic[4] and Donetsk People's Republic[5] both said their wish to join Russia, originally once Russia captured all their claimed territory. However, after quick Ukrainian gains in the east in September, Russia and the unrecognized republics rushed a series of referendums on annexation to Russia. The referendum results claimed a large majority supported annexation.[6] On 30 September 2022, Putin formally announced the annexation of the two republics.[7] However, the referendums were recognized internationally as a sham while the European Union and G7 said they were illegal.[8] United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres condemned the annexations as a violation of the UN Charter.[9]
Kherson Oblast, another region annexed by Russia, was originally thought to be upgrading itself to a "people's republic", according to United States intelligence.[10] However, it never happened, and by the time of the referendums in late September 2022, Kherson's status in Russia stayed unmentioned. When Kherson was annexed, along with neighbouring Zaporizhzhia Oblast, they became oblasts instead of republics.
Republics
- For the individual flags of the republics, see Flags of the federal subjects of Russia.
| Name | Map | Domestic common and formal names | Capital | Titular Nationality | Population (2010)[11] |
Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republic of Adygea | Russian: Республика Адыгея (Respublika Adygeya) Adyghe: Адыгэ Республик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Adıgə Respublik) |
Russian: Майкоп (Maykop) Adyghe: Мыекъуапэ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mıequapə) |
439,996
|
7,792 km2 (3,009 sq mi)
| ||
| Altai Republic | Russian: Республика Алтай (Respublika Altay) Altay: Алтай Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Altay Respublika) Kazakh: [Алтай – Алтай Республикасы] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (Altai — Altai Respublikasy) |
Russian: Горно-Алтайск (Gorno-Altaysk) Altay: Улалу (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ulalu) Kazakh: [Горно-Алтайск] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (Gorno-Altaisk) |
206,168
|
92,903 km2 (35,870 sq mi)
| ||
| Republic of Bashkortostan | Russian: Республика Башкортостан (Respublika Bashkortostan) Bashkir: [Башҡортостан Республикаһы] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (Başqortostan Respublikahı) |
Russian: Уфа (Ufa) Bashkir: [Өфө] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (Öfö) |
4,072,292
|
142,947 km2 (55,192 sq mi)
| ||
| Republic of Buryatia | Russian: Республика Бурятия (Respublika Buryatiya) Buryat: Буряад Улас (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Buryaad Ulas) |
Russian: Улан-Удэ (Ulan-Ude) Buryat: Улаан Үдэ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ulaan Üde) |
972,021
|
351,334 km2 (135,651 sq mi)
| ||
| Chechen Republic | Russian: Чеченская Республика (Chechenskaya Respublika) Chechen: Нохчийн Республика (Noxçiyn Respublika) |
Russian: Грозный (Grozny) Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала (Sölƶa-Ġala) |
1,268,989
|
16,165 km2 (6,241 sq mi)
| ||
| Chuvash Republic | Russian: Чувашская Республика (Chuvashskaya Respublika) Chuvash: Чӑваш Республики (Čăvaš Respubliki) |
Russian: Чебоксары (Cheboksary) Chuvash: Шупашкар (Šupaškar) |
1,251,619
|
18,343 km2 (7,082 sq mi)
| ||
| Republic of Crimea[a] | Russian: Республика Крым (Krym — Respublika Krym) Ukrainian: Республіка Крим (Respublika Krym) Crimean Tatar: Къырым Джумхуриети (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qırım Cumhuriyeti) |
Russian: Симферополь (Simferopol) Ukrainian: Сiмферополь (Simferopol) Crimean Tatar: Акъмесджит (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Aqmescit) |
—[b]
|
1,913,731
|
26,081 km2 (10,070 sq mi)
| |
| Republic of Dagestan | Russian: Дагестан — Республика Дагестан (Dagestan — Respublika Dagestan)
Thirteen other official names
|
Russian: Махачкала (Makhachkala) | Thirteen indigenous nationalities
List
|
2,910,249
|
50,270 km2 (19,409 sq mi)
| |
| Donetsk People's Republic[c] | Russian: Донецкая Народная Республика (Donetskaya Narodnaya Respublika) | Russian: Донецк (Donetsk) | —
|
4,100,280[d]
|
26,517 km2 (10,238 sq mi)[e]
| |
| Republic of Ingushetia | Russian: Республика Ингушетия (Respublika Ingushetiya) Ingush: ГӀалгӀай Мохк (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ġalġay Moxk) |
Russian: Магас (Magas) Ingush: Магас (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Magas) |
412,529
|
3,123 km2 (1,206 sq mi)
| ||
| Kabardino-Balkar Republic | Russian: Кабардино-Балкарская Республика (Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika) Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qəbərdey-Batlqər Respublikə) Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Qabartı-Malqar Respublika) |
Russian: Нальчик (Nalchik) Kabardian: Налщӏэч (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nalş’əç) Karachay-Balkar: Нальчик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nalchik) |
859,939
|
12,470 km2 (4,815 sq mi)
| ||
| Republic of Kalmykia | Russian: Республика Калмыкия (Respublika Kalmykiya) Kalmyk: Хальмг Таңһч (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Haľmg Tañğç) |
Russian: Элиста (Elista) Kalmyk: Элст (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Elst) |
289,481
|
74,731 km2 (28,854 sq mi)
| ||
| Karachay-Cherkess Republic | Russian: Карачаево-Черкесская Республика (Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika)
Four other official names
|
Russian: Черкесск (Čerkessk)
Four other official names
|
477,859
|
14,277 km2 (5,512 sq mi)
| ||
| Republic of Karelia | Russian: Республика Карелия (Respublika Kareliya) Karelian: Karjalan tazavaldu[f] |
Russian: Петрозаводск (Petrozavodsk) Karelian: Petroskoi |
643,548
|
180,520 km2 (69,699 sq mi)
| ||
| Republic of Khakassia | Russian: Республика Хакасия (Respublika Khakasiya) Khakas: Хакас Республиказы (Khakas Respublikazy) |
Russian: Абакан (Abakan) Khakas: Абахан (Abakhan) |
532,403
|
61,569 km2 (23,772 sq mi)
| ||
| Komi Republic | Russian: Республика Коми (Respublika Komi) Komi: Коми Республика (Komi Respublika) |
Russian: Сыктывкар (Syktyvkar) Komi: Сыктывкар (Syktyvkar) |
901,189
|
416,774 km2 (160,917 sq mi)
| ||
| Luhansk People’s Republic[c] | Russian: Луганская Народная Республика (Luganskaya Narodnaya Respublika) | Russian: Луганск (Lugansk) | —
|
2,121,322[d]
|
26,684 km2 (10,303 sq mi)[e]
| |
| Mari El Republic | Russian: Республика Марий Эл (Respublika Mariy El) Hill Mari: Мары Эл Республик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mary El Republik) Meadow Mari: Марий Эл Республик (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mariy El Republik) |
Russian: Йошкар-Ола (Yoshkar-Ola) Hill Mari: Йошкар-Ола (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Yoshkar-Ola) Meadow Mari: Йошкар-Ола (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Yoshkar-Ola) |
696,459
|
23,375 km2 (9,025 sq mi)
| ||
| Republic of Mordovia | Russian: Республика Мордовия (Respublika Mordoviya) Erzya: Мордовия Республикась (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mordovija Respublikas) Moksha: Мордовия Pеспубликась (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Mordovija Respublikas) |
Russian: Саранск (Saransk) Erzya: Саран ош (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Saran osh) Moksha: Саранош (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Saranosh) |
834,755
|
26,128 km2 (10,088 sq mi)
| ||
| Republic of North Ossetia–Alania | Russian: Республика Северная Осетия–Алания (Respublika Severnaya Osetiya–Alaniya) Ossetian: Республикӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон–Алани (Respublikæ Cægat Iryston–Alani) |
Russian: Владикавказ (Vladikavkaz) Ossetian: Дзӕуджыхъӕу (Dzæudžyqæu) |
712,980
|
7,987 km2 (3,084 sq mi)
| ||
| Republic of Sakha | Russian: Республика Саха (Respublika Sakha) Yakut: Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Sakha Öröspüübülükete) |
Russian: Якутск (Yakutsk) Yakut: Дьокуускай (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Dokuuskay) |
958,528
|
3,083,523 km2 (1,190,555 sq mi)
| ||
| Republic of Tatarstan | Russian: Республика Татарстан (Respublika Tatarstan) Tatar: Татарстан Республикасы (Tatarstan Respublikası) |
Russian: Казань (Kazan) Tatar: Казан (Kazan) |
3,786,488
|
67,847 km2 (26,196 sq mi)
| ||
| Tuva Republic | Russian: Республика Тува (Respublika Tuva) Tuvan: Тыва Республика (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Tyva Respublika) |
Russian: Кызыл (Kyzyl) Tuvan: Кызыл (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Kyzyl) |
307,930
|
168,604 km2 (65,098 sq mi)
| ||
| Udmurt Republic | Russian: Удмуртская Республика (Udmurtskaya Respublika) Udmurt: Удмурт Элькун (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Udmurt Elkun) |
Russian: Ижевск (Izhevsk) Udmurt: Ижкар (<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Ižkar) |
1,521,420
|
42,061 km2 (16,240 sq mi)
|
Republics Of Russia Media
- Ukaz o vhozhdenii Tuvy v sostav SSSR.jpg
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on the incorporation of Tuva into the Soviet Union as an autonomous oblast, 11 October 1944. Tuva would not become an ASSR until 1961.
- Soviet Union Administrative Divisions 1989.jpg
Republics of the Soviet Union in 1954–1991
- Evstafiev-chechnya-palace-gunman.jpg
A Chechen fighter near the burned-out presidential palace during the battle of Grozny, January 1995. The building became a symbol of resistance for the supporters of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
- Vladimir Putin in Tuva 2007-54.jpg
Vladimir Putin with local people in the Siberian republic of Tuva, 2007
- RIAN archive 848112 Tatarstan President Mintimer Shaimiyev and Russian President Boris Yeltsin.jpg
Russian president Boris Yeltsin and Tatarstan president Mintimer Shaimiev shaking hands after signing an agreement to grant Tatarstan devolved powers in 1994. During the 1990s the republics had significant autonomy.
- Vladimir Putin 14 February 2008-18.jpg
Russian president Vladimir Putin and Chechnya's leader Ramzan Kadyrov, 2008
- Annexation of Southern and Eastern Ukraine.svg
Regions of Ukraine annexed by Russia, with a red line marking the area of actual control by Russia on 30 September 2022.
- Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Adygea (Crimea disputed).svg
Адыгея на карте России (Крым отмечен спорной территорией)
References
- ↑ Gutterman, Steve; Polityuk, Pavel (2014-03-18). "Putin signs Crimea treaty as Ukraine serviceman dies in attack" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140318. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
- ↑ Luhn, Alec (2014-03-18). "Red Square rally hails Vladimir Putin after Crimea accession" (in en-GB). The Guardian. . https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/18/red-square-rally-vladimir-putin-crimea. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
- ↑ Charbonneau, Louis; Donath, Mirjam (2014-03-27). "U.N. General Assembly declares Crimea secession vote invalid" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-un-idUSBREA2Q1GA20140327. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
- ↑ "Ukrainian rebel region Luhansk may vote to join Russia". Reuters. 27 March 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-rebel-region-may-hold-referendum-joining-russia-2022-03-27/. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ↑ Humphries, Conor (29 March 2022). Trevelyan, Mark. ed. Russia-backed Donetsk Republic may consider joining Russia - leader. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-backed-donetsk-republic-will-consider-joining-russia-leader-2022-03-29/.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ "Putin says Russia has 'four new regions' as he announces annexation of Ukrainian territory". Reuters. 30 September 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-says-russia-has-four-new-regions-he-announces-annexation-ukrainian-2022-09-30/. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Heaney 2018, p. 180.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Crimea was annexed by Russia in 2014; most of the international community recognizes it as a part of Ukraine.[12]
- ↑ The republic was not formed with a titular nationality in mind.[13]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Territory annexed by Russia from Ukraine in 2022. Internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Pre-war population based on Ukrainian estimates.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Republic only has partial control of its territory.
- ↑ The Karelian language has no official status in the republic but is nevertheless recognized as a "regional language" alongside Finnish and Veps.[14]
Sources
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).