Korean food

Korean food came from very old traditions in Korea. It has developed through many environmental, political, and cultural changes. There are special rules for eating meals in Korea.

Korean food
Hanjeongsik, a full-course Korean meal with a varied array of banchan (side dishes)
Korean name
Hangul	한국요리 or 한식
Hanja	韓國料理 or 韓食
Revised Romanization	<span title=" transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Hanguk yori or Hansik
McCune–Reischauer	<span title=" transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Hankuk yori or Hansik

Korean food is mostly made up of rice, noodles, vegetables, and meats. Most Korean meals have many side dishes (called banchan) along with their steam-cooked rice. Kimchi is usually eaten at every meal. Sesame oil, doenjang, soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper and gochujang are ingredients that are often used in the food.

In different provinces of Korea, its ingredients and dishes are different, too. The Korean royal court cuisine used to serve all the best dishes from each province for the royal family. People follow special rules when they eat meals in Korea.

Sweets

Tteok

Traditional rice cakes like tteok are eaten as treats during holidays and festivals. Tteok means all rice cakes made from pounded rice (메떡, metteok), pounded glutinous rice (찰떡, chaltteok), or glutinous rice that has not been pounded. It is usually filled or covered with sweet mung bean paste, red bean paste, raisins, or a sweet, creamy filling made with sesame seeds, pumpkin, beans, pine nuts, and honey. Tteok is usually eaten for dessert or as a snack. Sikhye is a traditional Korean beverage. Usually, people drink it during the Korean festive holidays (For example, New Year’s Day or Korean Harvest Festival). It is made with simple water ingredients, malted barley flour, sugar, and cooked rice. Yakgwa is a traditional Korean sweet pastry or cookie. Yakgwa is a type of yumil-gwa, which is a deep-fried, wheat-based hangwa made with powdered grains, honey, malt, and sugar. This food is enjoyed on festive days such as chuseok.

Dining manners

Korean restaurant in Johor, Malaysia.

The oldest people are usually served first, and it is thought rude to pick up chopsticks or eat before the oldest people do so. In Korea, unlike in China and Japan, the rice bowl is not lifted up from the table. Spoons should not hit bowls while eating. You must not talk about dirty things. Some rules are now not important. For instance, talking used to be discouraged, but today people usually talk together at meals. Also, men usually ate at a different table than women, but now they eat all together. In Korea, they have both spoons and chopsticks, and together they are called sujeou (pronounced soo-juh - 수저). Usually, before they eat, people say, "Jalmukgessemnidah (잘 먹겠습니다)", and after they are finished, they say, "Jalmuggussemnidah (잘 먹었습니다)." Soups and stews must be set on the right side of the person who is eating.

Meat dishes

• Bulgogi (불고기): a popular dish of beef cooked on a grill.
• Galbi (갈비): pork or beef ribs, thicker than bulgogi. It is often called "Korean BBQ."
• Samgyeopsal (삼겹살): Bacon, served like Galbi. It is often cooked with onions and garlic, and is eaten wrapped in lettuce. When it is wrapped in lettuce it is called ssam. The sauce spread on samgyeopsal when it is wrapped in lettuce is called ssamjang.

Fish dishes

• Hoe (pronounced 'hweh' - 회): raw seafood dish dipped in sauce and eaten wrapped up in lettuce or sesame leaves.
• Sannakji (산낙지): Raw octopus. It is usually served alive.

Soups and stews

• Guk (국): soup
• Tang (탕): stew
• Jjigae (찌개): stew

Grain dishes

These dishes are usually made with rice.

• Bibimbap (비빔밥): rice with vegetables (나물)
• Boribap (보리밥)
• Ogokbap (오곡밥): five-grain rice

Snacks or simple foods

These simple foods can be bought at shops on the street and are usually thought of as snacks rather than meals.

• Bindaetteok (빈대떡): Meaning mung-bean pancake
• Bungeoppang (붕어빵): A popular fish-shaped cake, pastry.
• Kimbap (김밥)

Korean Food Media

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  Hanjeongsik, Korean-style delicate and fine dining

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  Bulgogi, Korean-style marinated sliced meat

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  Naengmyeon, Korean-style cold noodles with buckwheat

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  Tteokguk, Korean New Year soup with rice cake

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  In a mural of Gakjeochong (각저총 "Tombs of Wrestlers"), a Goguryeo tomb built around the 5th century shows a Goguryeo nobleman having a meal with two ladies.

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  Silver spoon and chopsticks entombed with King Injong in 1146

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  Budae jjigae, a spicy stew originated during the Korean War.

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  Korean chicken dish (Jjimdak) in Sydney, Australia

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  Dolsotbap, cooked rice in a stone pot (dolsot)

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  Kongguksu, a cold noodle dish with a broth made from ground soy beans

Bibliography

• Baek Un-hwa (백운화). Inje Food Science Forum (인제식품과학 FORUM), "Part 3 Status quo and prospect about the industrialization of Korean traditional beverages (제 3 주제 전통 음청류의 산업화 현황과 전망)" taken from [1] on 2008-06-15. pp. 75~95.
• Coultrip-Davis, Deborah, Young Sook Ramsay, and Deborah Davis (1998). Flavors of Korea: Delicious Vegetarian Cuisine. Tennessee: Book Publishing Company. ISBN 9781570670534.
• Cost, Bruce. Asian ingredients: a guide to the foodstuffs of China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam. New York: Harper Perennial, 2000. ISBN 0-06-093204-X
• Crawford, Gary W. (2006) East Asian Plant Domestication. In Archaeology of East Asia, edited by Miriam Stark. Wiley-Blackwell, 2006

ISBN 1405102136

• Food in Korea, "Jontongjoo - Kinds of Traditional Liquors" taken from [2]
• Fritscher, Lisa. "Korean Food Basics: What You Might Find On A Korean Food Menu" taken from [3] Archived 2008-06-09 at the Wayback Machine on 2007-11-17.
• Herskovitz, Jon. Reuters, "North Korean beer: great taste, low proliferation risk", Mar 9, 2008, taken from [4]
• Hopkins, Jerry. Extreme Cuisine: The Weird & Wonderful Foods that People Eat, Singapore: Tuttle Publishing, 2004.
• Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation. "Introduction of Eumcheongryu" taken from [5] on 2008-05-22.
• Korea Tourism Organization. "Experience Royal Cuisine" taken from [6] Archived 2009-01-26 at the Wayback Machine on 2008-06-13.
• Koryǒsa, The History of the Koryǒ Dynasty, Seoul, 1990.
• National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. "King Sejong's Humanism" taken from [7] on 2008-06-10.
• Marks, Copeland. The Korean Kitchen: Classic Recipes from the Land of the Morning Calm. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1993.
• O'Brien, Betsy. Let's Eat Korean Food. Elizabeth, NJ:Hollym, 1997. ISBN 1-56591-071-0
• Pettid, Michael J. (2008). Korean cuisine: an illustrated history. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861893482.
• Sohn Gyeong-hee (손경희). Inje Food Science Forum (인제식품과학 FORUM), "Part 1 HIstorical overview of Korean traditional eumcheongryu (제 1 주제 한국 전통 음청류의 역사적 고찰)" taken from [8] on 2008-06-16.
• The Academy of Korean Studies. "농사직설(農事直說), Nongsa jikseol" taken from [9] Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine on 2008-06-10.
• The Chosun Ilbo. "Hanjeongsik, a full-course Korean meal" taken from [10] Archived 2003-07-07 at the Wayback Machine on 2008-06-11.
• The Korea Economic Daily, "Brew master.. the only beer in the world" (브루 마스터 .. 세계 유일의 맥주) taken from [11]
• Yi Kyubo, Tongmyǒng-wang p'yǒn' (The lay of King Tongmyǒng) in Tongguk Yi Sangguk chip (The Collected Works of Minister Yi of the Eastern Country), Seoul, 1982.
• Yi Yang-Cha, and Armin E. Möller (1999). Koreanisch vegetarisch: Die kaum bekannte, fettarme, phantasievolle und küchenfreundliche Art asiatisch zu kochen (Korean Vegetarian: Almost Unknown, Low Fat, Creative and Kitchen-friendly Way of Asian Cooking). ISBN 9783775004572.
• Yi Tǒngmu, Sasojǒl (Elementary Etiquette for Scholar Families), quaoted in Sources of Korean Tradition, Volume Two: From the Twentieth Centuries, ed. Yǒongho Ch'oe, Peter H. Lee and W. Theodore de Bary. New York, 2000.
• Yu Jisang (유지상). "How about today? Pojangmacha, outing at night" (오늘 어때? 포장마차 ‘밤마실’) taken from [12] Archived 2008-12-11 at the Wayback Machine on 2008-06-13.

Other websites

https://mykoreankitchen.com/sikhye/https://kimchimari.com/yakgwa-or-yakwa/

• Korea National Tourism list of Korean food Archived 2013-09-28 at the Wayback Machine