Thailand
Thailand (/ˈtaɪlænd/ TY-land or /ˈtaɪlənd/ TY-lənd;[9] Thai: ประเทศไทย, RTGS: Prathet Thai), officially the Kingdom of Thailand (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย, RTGS: Ratcha Anachak Thai; IPA: [râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj] ( listen)), is a country in Southeast Asia. Its neighbours are Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Myanmar. Its name was Siam until June 1939[10] and between 1945 and May 11 1949. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand.
Kingdom of Thailand | |
---|---|
Anthem: | |
Capital and largest city | Bangkok (Thai: Krung Thep)1 13°45′N 100°29′E / 13.750°N 100.483°E |
Official languages | Thai[1] |
Central Thai, Isan, Lanna (Northern Thai), Dambro (Southern Thai), Karen, Pattani Malay, Bangkok Malay, Teochew, Hokkien | |
Thai alphabet | |
Ethnic groups | Thai (75%) • Northeastern Thai (Isan) (34.2%) |
Demonym(s) | Thai |
Government | Unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Maha Vajiralongkorn |
Paetongtarn Shinawatra[3] | |
Legislature | National Assembly |
Senate | |
House of Representatives | |
Formation | |
1238–1448 | |
1351–1767 | |
1768–1782 | |
6 April 1782 | |
24 June 1932 | |
24 August 2007 | |
Area | |
• Total | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (51st) |
• Water (%) | 0.4 (2,230 km2) |
Population | |
• 2011 estimate | 66,720,1532[4] (20th) |
• 2010 census | 65,479,453[5] |
• Density | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (88th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate |
• Total | $616.783 billion[6] (24th) |
• Per capita | $9,598[6] (84th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate |
• Total | $332.47 billion[6] (30th) |
• Per capita | $5,174[6] (89th) |
Gini (2009) | 42.5[7] medium |
HDI (2011) | 0.682[8] medium · 103rd |
Currency | Baht (฿) (THB) |
Time zone | UTC+7 |
Driving side | left |
Calling code | +66 |
ISO 3166 code | TH |
Internet TLD | .th, .ไทย |
|
Thailand is a constitutional monarchy. It has a King as a head of state, who is Vajiralongkorn at the moment.
Most people here (95 percent) follow the philosophy called Buddhism. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow Islam. Other religions in Thailand are Christianity, Hinduism, and Sikhism.
Population: the total fertility rate was 1.3 (in 2019).[11]
The prime minister is Paetongtarn Shinawatra (since August 2024).[3]
History
A Buddhist kingdom named Sukhothai was founded here in 1238.
A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a Burmese kingdom.
A soldier of Chinese origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin.
The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding Bangkok as the capital city by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty.
Before 1932, Thailand was an absolute monarchy. On June 24, 1932, a group of people did a coup and changed Thailand to a constitutional monarchy. It was not until 1973 that Thai people voted for a Prime Minister in an election. There were coups both before and after this year.
In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.[12] On September 19, 2006, the army did a coup d'état and took control from Thaksin Shinawatra's government.
In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government.
In October 2016, Rama X become the new king.
Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats.
Provinces
Thailand is made up of 76 provinces (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows:
Central
- Ang Thong
- Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon), Special Governed District of
- Chai Nat
- Kanchanaburi
- Lopburi
- Nakhon Nayok
- Nakhon Pathom
- Nonthaburi
- Pathum Thani
- Phetchaburi
- Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya
- Prachuap Khiri Khan
- Ratchaburi
- Samut Prakan
- Samut Sakhon
- Samut Songkhram
- Saraburi
- Sing Buri
- Suphan Buri
East
- Chachoengsao
- Chanthaburi
- Chonburi
- Prachinburi
- Rayong
- Sa Kaeo
- Trat
North
- Chiang Mai
- Chiang Rai
- Kamphaeng Phet
- Lampang
- Lamphun
- Mae Hong Son
- Nakhon Sawan
- Nan
- Phayao
- Phetchabun
- Phichit
- Phitsanulok
- Phrae
- Sukhothai
- Tak
- Uthai Thani
- Uttaradit
Northeast (Isan)
- Amnat Charoen
- Bueng Kan
- Buri Ram
- Chaiyaphum
- Kalasin
- Khon Kaen
- Loei
- Maha Sarakham
- Mukdahan
- Nakhon Phanom
- Nakhon Ratchasima
- Nong Bua Lamphu
- Nong Khai
- Roi Et
- Sakon Nakhon
- Si Sa Ket
- Surin
- Ubon Ratchathani
- Udon Thani
- Yasothon
South
- Chumphon
- Krabi
- Nakhon Si Thammarat
- Narathiwat
- Pattani
- Phang Nga
- Phatthalung
- Phuket
- Ranong
- Satun
- Songkhla
- Surat Thani
- Trang
- Yala
NOTE: In italics [1], that province is about the Greater Bangkok sub-region; in italics [2], that province is about the West sub-region.
Economy
The economy of Thailand "is based on trade and investment in the agricultural and tourism sectors, according to media.[13] In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.[13]
Industry had a contribution to the GDP, of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, manufacturing was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004).
In 2014, Credit Suisse reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.[14] The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.[14] The top 1% held 58% of the assets.[14]
Government
New members of the Cabinet of Thailand got approval from the king (September 2024).[15]
The Cabinet of Thailand includes
- foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs[16]
Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala
The South Thailand armed rebellion has its origins from 1948;[19] It started as an ethnic and religious separatist armed rebellion in Patani (historical region); Many Malay people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; Drug cartels,[20][21] oil smuggling networks,[22][23] and some pirate raids have much to do with the violence.[24][25]
57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.[26]
Other information
About the law becoming more strict about drug use: In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [law or] "regulation to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of cannabis and hemp extracts".[27] Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's lawmakers were going to vote about a new law about use of cannabis; The law proposal says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its extracts for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily health and medical purposes".[28][29][30]
ThailandHistory Media
The national anthem of Thailand performed by the United States Navy Band.*
SPPM Mongkut Rex Siamensium, King Mongkut's signature
Map showing geographic distribution of Kra–Dai linguistic family. Arrows represent general pattern of the migration of Tai-speaking tribes along the rivers and over the lower passes.:27
Taksin the Great enthroned himself as a Thai king in 1767.
References
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Thailand" Archived 10 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine, The World Factbook.
- ↑ West, Barbara A. (2009), Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, Facts on File, p. 794
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16
- ↑ (PDF). 16 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.
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(help) - ↑ National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [1] Archived 2012-07-12 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved on 30 January 2012.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Report for Thailand". World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
- ↑ "Human Development Report". UNDP. 2009. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 127–130. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
- ↑ "Merriam-Webster Online". Merriam-webster.com. 25 April 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ↑ Thailand (Siam) History, CSMngt-Thai.
- ↑ https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022
- ↑ Limited, Bangkok Post Public Company. Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century. https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2023-06-26
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ (18 June 2017). (in th)BBC Thailand. http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ↑ https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04
- ↑ https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27
- ↑ https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05
- ↑ https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09
- ↑ "Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present)". University of Central Arkansas. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ↑ "ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ↑ "ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด". 29 November 2018.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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tag; no text was provided for refs namedน้ำมันเถื่อน
. - ↑ "ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน". bangkokbiznews.com/. 8 August 2014.
- ↑ "แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?". bangkokbiznews.com/. 20 June 2014.
- ↑ "จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย". posttoday.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ↑ "Conflict Index 2024". Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10
- ↑ https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20
- ↑ https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2024-07-06
- ↑ https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23
Further reading
- The United States CIA website Archived 2005-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
Other websites
Definitions from Wiktionary | |
Media from Commons | |
News stories from Wikinews | |
Quotations from Wikiquote | |
Source texts from Wikisource | |
Textbooks from Wikibooks | |
Travel guide from Wikivoyage | |
Learning resources from Wikiversity |
- Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand
- Tourism Authority of Thailand Official tourism website
- Thai National Assembly Archived 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine Official Thai Parliament website
- Mfa.go.th Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Birdwatching in Thailand
- Learn Thai Culture.com
- CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand Archived 2010-12-29 at the Wayback Machine
- Thailand Country Fact Sheet from the Common Language Project
- Longdo Map Thailand On-line Thailand map
- Holidays Thailand Archived 2008-04-11 at the Wayback Machine Holidays In Thailand