Camel
Camels are a mammal of the Camelidae family. Camels form the genus Camelus. There are three living species of camels. Best-known are the dromedary (one hump) and bactrian (two humps) camels.[1]
| Camel | |
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| Bactrian camel (Camelus) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Unrecognized taxon (fix): | Camelus |
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List
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The camelids, as a family, include the "New World" camelids: the llama, the alpaca, the guanaco, and the vicuña.[2]
The earliest known camel, called Protylopus, lived in North America 40 to 50 million years ago, during the Eocene.[3] It was about the size of a rabbit and lived in the open woodlands of what is now South Dakota.[4]
Habitat and adaptation
Camels live in deserts, where it is hot and dry. Camels have adapted and found ways to help them survive in deserts. They have a thick coat of hair that protects them from the heat in the day, and keeps them warm at night. Their large feet spreads their weight on the sand when they are walking. When there is food and water, a camel can eat and drink large amounts of it and store it as fat in the hump. Then, when there is no food or water, the camel uses the fat for energy, and the hump becomes small and soft. A camel’s waste contains very little water. Even the water from the camel’s breath flows back into its mouth. The camels have bushy eyebrows that don't let the sand go in their eyes in a sandstorm. It has a long slender neck in order to reach high leaves such as palm trees, and rubbery patches on the belly and knees to protect the skin when kneeling and sitting on the hot sand. These form after five years of age.
A camel has a naturally adapted temperature regulation - it can change its bodily temperature by six degrees Celsius either way. It has two sets of eyelashes, closing muscles in the nasal passages, hairy ears and tough, leathery skin to protect the camels skin in sandstorms. It has thick rubbery lips to eat dry, prickly plants and a large, haired tail to swat pests such as mosquitos and flies.
Life
Camels live in groups, with one male, many females, and their young calves or calf. They are animals that use their hooves.
Reproduction
An unborn camel gestates about 9 to 11 months. There is usually one calf per birth. A camel calf can run only a few hours after it is born. Calves are weaned to when they are about 1 year old.
Diet
In the desert, people feed camels with grass, grains, wheat and oats. When camels are travelling in the desert, food is often very hard to find. So the animal might have to live on dried leaves, seeds, and thorny twigs (without hurting their mouths). If there is not any regular food, camels will eat anything.
Digestion
Camels are ruminants, which have a two-part cycle in their eating. The first stomach ferments the food for a time. Then, this food (or cud) returns to the camel's mouth, and the camel chews it again. Then the camel swallows the cud and it goes to the other parts of the stomach to be completely digested. The digestion is done mainly by microorganisms in the stomachs.
This adaptation means they can eat food which may not be very nutritious, but they get everything possible out of it. Ruminants are a very successful group of mammals, and this double-stomach arrangement is one of their key adaptations. Most of them eat fairly tough plant material.
Camels and humans
Camels have been domesticated by humans for about 5000 years. They are used for riding and to carry things, and for meat, milk and wool.
As domesticated animals they are used in Africa, Asia, and since the 19th century also in Australia. About 900-1000 wild Bactrian Camels still live in China, Tibetan Plateau and Mongolia. There are no wild dromedaries anymore, but there are escaped domestic dromedaries in Australia. Today there are dromedaries living wild in the outback in Australia.[5]
Gallery
Bactrian camel
Bactrian Camel
Dromedary
A Turkmen man with his dromedary, circa 1905-1915 in Turkmenistan.
Two camels used for riding.
Camel Media
Bactrian Camel in Shanghai Zoo
Domestic Dromedary Merzouga
Wild Bactrian camel on road east of Yarkand
Camel humps store fat, which are used as nourishment when food is scarce. If a camel uses the fat inside the hump, the hump will become limp and droop down
A camel's thick coat is one of its many adaptations that aid it in desert-like conditions.
A camel in Somalia, which has the world's largest camel population
Domesticated camel calves lying in sternal recumbency, a position that aids heat loss
Skull of an F1 hybrid camel, Museum of Osteology, Oklahoma
A camel carrying supplies, Tang dynasty
A man on a camel, Tang dynasty
Other websites
Data related to Camelus at Wikispecies
Media related to Camelus at Wikimedia Commons
References
- ↑ "Ducksters: Education Site". www.ducksters.com. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- ↑ Bornstein, Set (2010). "Important ectoparasites of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 52 (Suppl 1): S17. doi:10.1186/1751-0147-52-S1-S17. ISSN 1751-0147. PMC 2994293.
- ↑ Canada’s North, home to bears, and once, camels Archived 2022-05-26 at the Wayback Machine March 5, 2013 New York Times
- ↑ Harington, C. R. (June 1997). "Ice Age Yukon and Alaskan Camels". Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre. Government of Yukon, Department of Tourism and Culture, Museums Unit. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
- ↑ Saalfeld W.K. & Edwards GP 2008. Ecology of feral camels in Australia (DKCRC Report 47). Managing the impacts of feral camels in Australia: a new way of doing business. Alice Springs: Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre. ISBN 978-1-74158-094-5. ISSN 1832-6684. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-03-29.