List of scientists from Europe
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This is a list of scientists from Europe.
Albania
Main page: List of scientists from Albania
- Bashkim Fino, was prime minister; economist; He died in 2021.
- Rexhep Meidani, former president of Albania; physicist; b. 1944
Austria
Main page: List of Austrian scientists
- Sigmund Freud, pioneer of psychoanalysis; neurologist, psychologist[1]
- Karl Landsteiner, discovered that there are different types of human blood; had a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine; d. 1943
- Lise Meitner, Austrian-Swedish, helped discover nuclear fission; physicist d. 1968[2]
- Erwin Schrödinger, thought of the Schrödinger equation; physicist; d. 1961[3]
Azerbaijan
- Vafa Guluzade - he was a Foreign Policy State Advisor for Azerbaijan President; the political scientist died in 2015.
- Lotfi A. Zadeh - pioneer (or one of the earliest scientists) of fuzzy logic; computer scientist, electrical engineer, mathematician; d. 2017
Belarus
- Barys Kit, he was author of the first book on rocket propellant[4]
- Lev Vygotsky, credited for starting the concept, zone of proximal development, or ZPD, which is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she cannot do;[5][6] Psychology; died in 1934
Belgium
- Pages appear in Category:Belgian scientists
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Pages appear in Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina scientists
- Alojz Benac - became a corresponding member of the Yugoslav/Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Archeology; died in 1992.
- Smilja Mučibabić, she was a biologist
Bulgaria
Main page: List of Bulgarian scientists
- Lyubomir Ivanov, got the award, Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.;[7] Linguistics, Mathematics
Croatia
- Pages appear in Category:Croatian scientists
- Dubravka Jurlina Alibegović, former cabinet member; economist
- Slaven Letica, was member of parliament; economist
- Miroslav Tuđman, information scientist
- Roger Joseph Boscovich, maker of a precursor of atomic theory; made the first geometric procedure for finding out the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position; discoverer of the absence of atmosphere on the Moon;[8] he was from a city in what later became Croatia; died in 1787
Czechia
- Pages appear in Category:Czech scientists
- Gerty Cori, Czech-American; she had a Nobel Prize; biochemist
- Milan Nakonečný, mathematician
Denmark
- Pages appear in Category:Danish scientists
- Tycho Brahe, he discovered (before the invention of telescopes) that the universe outside the Solar System could change when he studied a supernova and a comet; astronomer
- Niels Bohr, physicist, d. 1962
Estonia
- Pages appear in Category:Estonian scientists
- Karl Ernst von Baer, Embryology (within Biology); died in 1876
- Madis Kõiv - he got the award, the Tuglas short story award; physicist, writer and philosopher; died in 2014
- Jaak Panksepp, he was an Estonian-American neuroscientist, psychobiologist; pioneer of the term "affective neuroscience", the name for the field that studies the neural mechanisms of emotion.[9][10][11]
Finland
- Pages appear in Category:Finnish scientists
- Linus Torvalds, famous for his operating system Linux; computer scientist
France
- Pages appear in Category:French scientists
- Irène Joliot-Curie
- Sophie Germain
- Blaise Pascal, he was the creator of Pascal's Triangle
Georgia
- Pages appear in Category:Scientists from Georgia (country)
- Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze, [12][13][14] was a member of the Parliament of Georgia; assyriologist (and therefore a linguist)
- Jamshid Giunashvili[15] - he was a linguist (Iranologist); died in 2017
- Giorgi Maisashvili, was presidential candidate, economist
- Ghia Nodia, minister of education and science; political scientist
Germany
Main page: List of German scientists
- Alexander von Humboldt, geographer, botanist d. 1859
- Max Planck, physicist, d. 1947
- Martin Heidegger, philosopher, d. 1976
Great Britain
- Pages appear in Category:British scientists
- John Law, Scottish economist, writer; Controller General of Finances under the Duke of Orleans, who was regent for Louis XV of France
- Meave Leakey, anthropologist
- James Mirrlees, Scottish, won a Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences
Greece
- Pages appear in Category:Greek scientists
- Yanis Varoufakis, finance minister; economist
Hungary
- Pages appear in Category:Hungarian scientists
- János Bolyai, mathematician, one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry — a geometry that differs from Euclidean geometry in its definition of parallel lines; died in 1860
- John von Neumann, Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist; he had an Enrico Fermi Award
Ireland
- Pages appear in Category:Irish scientists
- Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish, known for Boyle's law; physicist, chemist
Italy
- Pages appear in Category:Italian scientists
- Gerolamo Cardano, he invented - partially - the gimbal consisting of three concentric rings allowing a supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely, and the Cardan shaft;[16] died in 1576
- Enrico Fermi, Italian-American, was creator of the first nuclear reactor; physicist
- Rita Levi-Montalcini, she had the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; neurologist
Kosovo
- Idriz Ajeti (the first chief of Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts)[17]
Latvia
- Pages appear in Category:Latvian scientists
- Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds, discovered Freivalds' algorithm for checking the correctness of matrix products; Theoretical computer science; died in 2016
- Wilhelm Ostwald, Latvian-German; he had a Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Lithuania
- Gitanas Nausėda, president, economist
- Vyda Ragulskienė, was the first woman to become Dr.habil. of technical sciences in Lithuania
- Ingrida Šimonytė, prime minister, economist
Luxembourg
- Pages appear in Category:Luxembourgian scientists
- Ernest Mühlen, was Member of the European Parliament; economist
- Jean-Paul Pier, was known for his works on the harmonic analysis and the history of mathematics
Macedonia
- Ratko Janev, was a member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Atomic physics
Moldova
- Natalia Gavrilița, prime minister, economist
Netherlands
- Pages appear in Category:Dutch scientists
- Pieter Zeeman, he shared a Nobel Prize in Physics
Norway
- Pages appear in Category:Norwegian scientists
- Niels Henrik Abel, did the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation (en) in radicals; mathematician; died in 1829[18][19]
- Kaare R. Norum
- Jacqueline Naze Tjøtta, French-Norwegian, the first female mathematical sciences professor in Norway;[20] Applied mathematics, she died in 2017
Poland
- Pages appear in Category:Polish scientists
- Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer, d. 1543
- Hugo Steinhaus, was known for his Banach–Steinhaus theorem
Portugal
- Pages appear in Category:Portuguese scientists
- Carlos Moedas, mayor of Lisbon; civil engineer, economist
- Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, former president of the Assembly of the Republic; economist
Romania
Main page: List of Romanian scientists
Russia
- Pages appear in Category:Russian scientists
- Andrei Sakharov (d. 1989), Russian-born Soviet nuclear physicist; peace activist
- Leonid Kantorovich - Russian mathematician
- Sofya Kovalevskaya - Russian mathematician
Slovakia
- Philipp Lenard (d. 1947), physicist, born in Pressburg (Pozsony, in today's Bratislava, Slovakia), in the Kingdom of Hungary
Slovenia
- Pages appear in Category:Slovenian scientists
- Janez Stanovnik, was president of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia; economist
Spain
- Pages appear in Category:Spanish scientists
- Clara Ponsatí i Obiols, Counsellor of Education of the Generalitat of Catalonia; economist
- Santiago Ramón y Cajal, was a medical doctor who got a Nobel Prize
Sweden
- Pages appear in Category:Swedish scientists
- Alfred Nobel (d. 1896), chemist, engineer, inventor
Switzerland
- Pages appear in Category:Swiss scientists
- Leonhard Euler, was the first to show the notion of (or idea about), a mathematical function;[21] died in 1783
Turkey
Ukraine
- Pages appear in Category:Ukrainian scientists
- Anatoliy Kinakh, former prime minister; economist
- Kostiantyn Sytnyk - he was a Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (a parliament) of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; Botany; he died in 2017
- Arseniy Yatsenyuk, has been prime minister; economist
Related pages
- List of scientists from Africa
- List of scientists from Asia
- List of scientists from North America
- List of scientists from Oceania
- List of scientists from South America
- List of sociologists from Europe
References
- ↑ https://snl.no/Sigmund_Freud. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved April 10, 2022
- ↑ https://snl.no/Lise_Meitner. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved April 10, 2022
- ↑ https://snl.no/schr%C3%B6dingerligningen. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 2023-03-10
- ↑ Kit, Boris and Evered, Douglas S., Rocket Propellant Handbook, 1st ed., The Macmillan Company, New York, 1960.
- ↑ Zone of proximal development. (2009). In Penguin dictionary of psychology. Retrieved from Credo Reference database
- ↑ Stanlaw, J. (2005). Vygotsky, lev semenovich (1896--1934). In Encyclopedia of anthropology. Retrieved from Credo Reference Database
- ↑ The Academician Nikola Obreshkov Prize for 1987
- ↑ Энциклопедия для детей (астрономия) (1998). Москва: Аванта+. ISBN 978-5-89501-016-7.
- ↑ Panksepp, J. A critical role for "affective neuroscience" in resolving what is basic about basic emotions.. Psychological Review 99 (3) (1992). p. 554–60. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.554.
- ↑ Archived copy. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
- ↑ Walker, Brendan M. Jaak Panksepp: Pioneer of Affective Neuroscience (in En). Neuropsychopharmacology 42 (12) (2017-10-13). p. 2470. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.168.
- ↑ Georgian Academy of Sciences (GAS). Retrieved 2017-09-14.
- ↑ Tbilisi State University
- ↑ Home Page of Tamaz Gamkrelidze (2015-07-05 not accessible)
- ↑ ფერეიიდანი, ჯემშიდ გიუნაშვილი - მეგობრობის მაცნე Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine (in Georgian)
- ↑ Jerome Cardan: A Biographical Study (January 2009)Dodo Press. ISBN 9781409959595.
- ↑ news.rs, Serbia world. CHRONOLOGY OF THE SERBIAN – ALBANIAN RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE BERLIN CONGRESS TO THE MARCH POGROM 2004 (19 February 2015).
- ↑ The Biography of Niels Henrik Abel: His last years. www.abelprize.no. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
- ↑ https://snl.no/Niels_Henrik_Abel. Store norske leksikon
- ↑ Berntsen, Jarle; Lunde, Per (16 March 2017). "Nekrolog: Jacqueline Andreè Naze Tjøtta" (in no). Aftenposten. http://www.aftenposten.no/personalia/Nekrolog-Jacqueline-Andre-Naze-Tjotta-617311b.html. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
- ↑ Dunham 1999, p. 17
