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Pichilemu

Pichilemu (Mapudungun for small forest pronunciation) is a city and commune of the central zone (centre part) of Chile. It is the capital of the Province of Cardenal Caro.

City
Centre of Pichilemu in 2010.jpg
Flag of Pichilemu.
Flag
Coat of arms of Pichilemu.
Coat of arms
 
Coordinates: Coordinates: 34°23′31″S 72°0′50″W / 34.39194°S 72.01389°W / -34.39194; -72.01389
Country Chile
RegionO'Higgins
ProvinceCardenal Caro
Government
 • MayorMarcelo Cabrera (2008-2009)[1]
Roberto Córdova (2009-2012)[2][3]
Area
 • Total749.1 km2 (289.2 sq mi)
Elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2002)
 • Total12,392
 • Density16.54/km2 (42.8/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-4 (Chile Time (CLT)[4])
 • Summer (DST)UTC-3 (Chile Summer Time (CLST)[5])
ZIP code
3220478
Websitehttp://www.pichilemu.cl

The beach of Pichilemu is called one of the best beaches in the world for surfing.[6][7] The most famous beach in Pichilemu is Punta de Lobos, where competitions are often held. The city has become a beach resort.[8]

History

 
Agustín Ross, circa 1915.

Promoucaes were the first people that populated Pichilemu.[9] They were hunter gatherers and fishermen.

In 1887, President José Manuel Balmaceda decreed Pichilemu as a minor dock.[10]

José Toribio Medina did his first archeological investigations in Pichilemu, and he published in 1908 Los Restos Indígenas de Pichilemu.[11] He said there that Pedro de Valdivia gave land in what is now central Chile to Juan Gómez de Almagro on February 24, 1544. Pichilemu was between the areas of the Palloquierbico, Topocalma, and Gulaquien.[12]

The name Pichilemu comes from the Mapudungún words pichi (little) and lemu (forest).

Some of the first land owners of Pichilemu were the Ortúzar family. Daniel Ortúzar is known as one of the founders of the original village of Pichilemu.[9] The family of Ortúzar Cuevas, from the San Antonio de Petrel Hacienda, made a mid-century maritime dock which was as a fishing port for some years. They also built homes along the dock on what is now Ortúzar Avenue. More recently, other large land owners are Pedro Pavez Polanco and the Hacienda of San Antonio de Petrel. In 1891, during the Chilean Civil War, Daniel Ortúzar and the priest of Alcones were taken prisoners from Pichilemu through the dock.[13] During the war, the dock was burned down. After the civil war, Pichilemu got its formal name and status. President Jorge Montt and his Minister, Manuel José Irarrázabal, the city was officially established on December 22, 1891.[14]

Pichilemu has become the historic capital of the province called Cardenal Caro which is named for the first Chilean Catholic Church Cardinal. His father was the first mayor in the city.

Agustín Ross Edwards was a Chilean writer, Member of Parliament, minister and politician. Ross was very rich and based on his European background, he bought a 300-hectare piece of land and named it "La Posada" (English: The Inn), or Petren Fund, in 1885. Ross designed an urban place of high environmental value and landscape, turning "La Posada" into a hotel (Great Hotel Pichilemu, later Hotel Ross, or Ross Hotel), and building a casino, embankments, stone walls, a balcony facing the beach. Additionally, he built a park and a forest of more than 10 hectares.[15] Agustín Ross turned Pichilemu into a summer resort town for the people from Santiago. Some of his buildings were named National Monuments.

Geography and climate

Pichilemu is located 126 kilometres (78 mi) west of San Fernando, Chile and just east of the Pacific Ocean.[16] It is around a three-hour drive to the Andes Mountains.[17] It is also near the coastal mountain range.

Even though most of the forest areas around Pichilemu are covered in Pine and Eucalyptus trees, a native forest (now Municipal Forest) is still there It contains species such as Litres, Quillayes, Boldos, Espinos and Peumos.[18]

Pichilemu borders Litueche to the north, Paredones to the south, Marchigüe and Pumanque to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west .[19]

Demographics

In the 17th century, Pichilemu had 1,468 inhabitants.[20] In 1787, Pichilemu had 1,688 inhabitants.[20] In 1907, Pichilemu had 7,787 inhabitants.[21] However, the city's population progressively decreased; in 1920, it was 7,424; in 1930, it was 6,929, and in 1940, it was 6,570.[21] In 1952, the city's population increased to 7,150 inhabitants; in 1992, that figure had increased to 10,510.[21] As of the 2002 census, 12,392 people live in the town. The census recorded that 9,459 people (76.3%) are from urban places of the city, and 2,933 people (23.7%) are from rural places of the city, there are 6,440 (52.0%) men and 5,952 (48.0%) women.[22] The area of Pichilemu is 9.70 square kilometres (3.75 sq mi).[22] According to the CASEN 2002 census, 544 inhabitants (4.4%) of the population of Pichilemu live in extreme poverty compared to the average in the greater Region of O'Higgins of 4.5%, and 1,946 inhabitants (15.7%) live in mild poverty, compared to the regional average of 16.1%.[20][21][22][23]

Government and politics

 
Jorge Vargas in March 2007.

Pichilemu, along with the communes of Placilla, Nancagua, Chépica, Santa Cruz, Pumanque, Palmilla, Peralillo, Navidad, Lolol, Litueche, La Estrella, Chile, Marchihue and Paredones, is part of the Electoral District N° 35 and belongs to the 9th Senatorial Constituency (O'Higgins) of the electoral division of Chile.[24]

The current Mayor of Pichilemu is Roberto Córdova.[25] The last popularly-elected mayor was Marcelo Cabrera, elected in 2008 with 42.08% of the vote,[26] who served from May 2009[27] to August 2009[28] due to legal action. The municipal council selected Córdova as the new mayor on September 9, 2009,[25] almost a year after the municipal elections. The current councilors are Aldo Polanco Contreras, Andrea Aranda Escudero, Viviana Parraguez Ulloa, Juan Cornejo Vargas and Marta Urzúa Púa.[25]

Surfing

 
The famous Punta de Lobos rocks.

Surfing is one of the tourist attractions, particularly at Punta de Lobos.[29][30][31] According to travel guide Fodor's,[32]

[Pichilemu] is Chile's prime surf spot, and people come from around the world to test their skills. ... [Punta de Lobos] is widely considered the best surfing in South America year-round.

— 

Every October and December the International Championship of Surf takes place at La Puntilla Beach. Punta de Lobos hosts the Campeonato Nacional de Surf (English: National Surfing Championship) each summer.[15]

Pichilemu has many dark sand beaches. The water is cool year-round, though many tourists choose to swim during the summer months. Bodyboarding, surfing, windsurfing, and kitesurfing can be practiced.

The beach that is farthest north is San Antonio Beach or Main Beach ([Playa San Antonio or Playa Principal] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)), which is found in front of the Ross Park. It is known for good surfing.[33]

Las Terrazas Beach (Spanish: Playa Las Terrazas) is the busiest beach during the summer. Many surf schools, La Ola Perfecta and Lobos del Pacífico, are found near the beach, as is the Caleta de Pescadores (English: Fisherman Creek), where fisherman sell their fish.[23] found at the south of the town and around the other side of the Puntilla, the Infiernillo Beach is found. It is used for fishing.[23] At the south of Infiernillo, Playa Hermosa is found, which is great for walking and fishing.[33]

Further south, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Pichilemu, Punta de Lobos is found .It is an increasingly popular destination for tourists and specially for surfers.[34] Several surf contests are held there, including an international big-wave contest during the Chilean fall. The size of waves varies throughout the year, but large swells in fall and winter can reach heights of up to 50 feet (15 metres). It is widely considered one of the best beaches for surfing worldwide.[6][7]

Gallery

Pichilemu Media

  • Daniel Ortúzar Avenue, in 1925.

  • Agustín Ross, at the Gran Hotel Pichilemu.

  • Aerial view of Pichilemu. The urban area is located at the top, while Punta de Lobos can be seen at the bottom.

  • The Municipal Forest was donated by the Ross family in 1935

  • Agustín Ross Cultural Centre, in 2013.

  • The old wooden railway station, Estación Pichilemu, in December 2013

  • Pichilemu's beaches are popular among local and international tourists.

  • Sports Subsecretary of Chile Nicole Sáez during an interview on Radio Entreolas, in August 2015.

  • Secondary building of the Colegio de la Preciosa Sangre de Pichilemu

References

  1. ↑ El Rancahuaso Team (2009-02-17). "Hasta 3 años de Cárcel arriesga el Alcalde de Pichilemu" (in Spanish). El Rancahuaso. Retrieved 2009-12-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ↑ "Concejal Roberto Córdova es elegido nuevo alcalde de Pichilemu" (in Spanish). PichilemuChile.com. 2009-09-01. Retrieved 2009-12-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)[dead link]
  3. ↑ Washington Saldías (2009-09-01). "Alcalde titular "Habemus" en Pichilemu: Roberto Córdova elegido trans resolución del Tricel" (in Spanish). PichilemuNews.cl. Archived from the original on 2013-02-26. Retrieved 2009-12-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ↑ "Chile Time". World Time Zones .org. Archived from the original on 2010-07-13. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
  5. ↑ "Chile Summer Time". World Time Zones .org. Archived from the original on 2007-09-11. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Pichilemu | "Nuevas formas de expresarse, comunicarse y hacer arte en la red" Aulas hermanas | Educasitios" (in Spanish). educ.ar. Archived from the original on 2013-02-26. Retrieved 2009-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Universia Deportes (2006-01-17). "Surf: Vive el verano sobre una tabla" (in Spanish). Universia. Retrieved 2009-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ↑ "Surfing Paradise". Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Pichilemu...¡capital del surf!" (in Spanish). Vamos a Chile. 2006-08-20. Archived from the original on 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2009-12-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ↑ León Vargas, Victor (1996). En Nuestra Tierra Huasa de Colchagua. Energía y Motores (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: Ed. Museo de Colchagua - Impresos Universitaria, S.A.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ↑ Carmen del Río Pereira Blanca Tagle Arduengo (2009). Región de O'Higgins: Breve relación del patrimonio natural y cultural (in Spanish). Pro-O'Higgins.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  12. ↑ "Hoteles en Pichilemu" (in Spanish). Hoteles Chilenos. Archived from the original on 2015-11-27. Retrieved 2009-12-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  13. ↑ Jorge Núñez P. (May 2003). 1891, crónica de la guerra civil (in Spanish). ISBN 956-282-527-2. Retrieved 2009-12-16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. ↑ "Don José María Caro Martínez, Primer Alcalde de Pichilemu" (in Spanish). PichilemuChile. 2009-05-12. Archived from the original on 2011-10-29. Retrieved 2009-12-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Charlotte Beech, Jolyon Attwooll, Thomas Kohnstamm, and Andrew Dean Nystrom (2006-05-01). Chile and Easter Island. Footscray, Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781740599979.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ↑ "Pichilemu". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2008.
  17. ↑ "Pichilemu to San Fernando". Google Maps. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  18. ↑ "Bosque Municipal de Pichilemu". Mapas de Chile. 2009-11-03. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  19. ↑ Pichilemu.cl. "Pichilemu antes" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2006-08-08. Retrieved 2010-03-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Washington Saldías (2009-11-11). "Censo de 1787: La Superintendencia y el Diputado de Cáhuil, José González" (in Spanish). PichilemuNews. Archived from the original on 2013-07-06. Retrieved 2009-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Carmen del Río Pereira and Blanca Tagle Arduengo. Región de O'Higgins: Breve Relación del Patrimonio Natural y Cultural (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2009-12-05.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 National Statistics Institute of Chile. "Region of O'Higgins Statistics 2002 census" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2009-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)[dead link]
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 "PICHILEMU: Historia, estadísticas, mapas" (in Spanish). Mi Balcón. Archived from the original on 2013-02-26. Retrieved 2009-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  24. ↑ Chile Government. "Sistema de Despliegue de Cómputos - Ministerio del Interior" (in Spanish). Ministerio del Interior. Archived from the original on 2009-12-14. Retrieved 2010-01-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 "Autoridades" (in Spanish). Pichilemu.cl. Archived from the original on 2010-01-15. Retrieved 2009-12-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  26. ↑ "Votación Candidatos por Comuna Pichilemu Alcaldes 2008" (in Spanish). Ministerio del Interior. Archived from the original on 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2009-12-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  27. ↑ El Rancahuaso Correspondents (2009-05-19). "Marcelo Cabrera asumió como alcalde de Pichilemu" (in Spanish). El Rancahuaso. Retrieved 2009-12-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  28. ↑ El Rancahuaso Correspondents (2009-08-19). "¡Increíble!, Pichilemu otra vez se quedó sin alcalde" (in Spanish). El Rancahuaso. Retrieved 2009-12-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  29. ↑ "Pichilemu: SURF PARADISE IN CHILE". GoChile. Retrieved 2009-12-05.
  30. ↑ Washington Saldías (2009-08-31). "Tercer Campeonato Estudiantil de Surf 2009: todo un éxito" (in Spanish). PichilemuNews.cl. Archived from the original on 2013-02-26. Retrieved 2009-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  31. ↑ "3° Campeonato Estudiantil de Surf" (in Spanish). Cámara de Turismo de Pichilemu. Archived from the original on 2009-09-03. Retrieved 2009-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  32. ↑ Fodor's (2008). Taplan, Alan (ed.). Fodor's Chile: Including Argentine Patagonia. New York: Random House. p. 218. ISBN 978-1-4000-1967-0.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Chilecar (2008-01-10). "Pichilemu, Olas, Surf y mucho más" (in Spanish). Rent-a-Car Chile. Archived from the original on 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2009-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  34. ↑ "Surfin' in Pichilemu" (in Spanish). Pichilemu's official website. Archived from the original on 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2009-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Other websites

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