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Silicon Valley

A view of downtown San Jose, the self-proclaimed "Capital of Silicon Valley"

Silicon Valley is the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in California in the United States. The term originally meant the innovators and manufacturers of silicon chip who worked here, but now means all the high-tech businesses in the area, and for the high-tech sector generally.[1]

Silicon Valley includes the northern part of Santa Clara Valley and adjacent communities in the southern parts of the San Francisco Peninsula and East Bay.[2][3][4] It reaches from Menlo Park (on the Peninsula) and the Fremont/Newark area in the East Bay down to San Jose.

Currently, many locations in Silicon Valley are full of tourists.[5][6][7]

Origin of the term

The term Silicon Valley was coined by journalist Don Hoefler in 1971. He used it as the title of a series of articles "Silicon Valley USA" in a weekly trade newspaper Electronic News which started with the January 11, 1971 issue. Valley refers to the Santa Clara Valley, located at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, while Silicon refers to the high concentration of semiconductor and computer-related industries in the area. These and similar technology firms slowly replaced the orchards which gave the area its initial nickname, the Valley of Heart's Delight.

History

The San Francisco Bay Area had long been a major site of U.S. Navy work, as well as the site of the Navy's large research airfield at Moffett Field. A number of technology firms had set up shop in the area around Moffett to serve the Navy. When the Navy moved most of its West Coast operations to San Diego, NASA took over portions of Moffett for aeronautics research. Many of the original companies stayed, while new ones moved in. The immediate area was soon filled with aerospace firms.

However, there was almost no civilian "high-tech" industry in the area. Although there were a number of excellent schools in the area, graduating students almost always moved east or south (that is, to Los Angeles County) to find work. This was particularly annoying to Frederick Terman, a professor at Stanford University. He decided that a vast area of unused Stanford land was perfect for real estate development, and set up a program to encourage students to stay in the area by enabling them to easily find venture capital. One of the major success stories of the program was that it convinced two students to stay in the area, William Hewlett and David Packard. In 1939, they founded Hewlett-Packard in Packard's garage, which would go on to be one of the first "high tech" firms in the area that was not directly related to NASA or the U.S. Navy.

Commercial use of the Internet became practical and grew slowly throughout the early 1990s. In 1995, commercial use of the Internet grew and the first wave of internet startups, Amazon.com, eBay, and Craigslist began operations.[8]

Notable companies

Thousands of high technology companies are headquartered in Silicon Valley; among those, the following are in the Fortune 1000:

 
Adobe Systems
 
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
 
Apple Inc.
 
eBay
 
Google
 
Hewlett Packard
 
Intel's headquarters, the Robert Noyce building
 
Intuit
 
Oracle
 
Yahoo!

Additional notable companies headquartered (or with a significant presence) in Silicon Valley include (some defunct or subsumed):

Befitting its heritage, Silicon Valley is home to the high-tech superstore chain Fry's Electronics.

For a larger list of companies, see Category:Companies based in Silicon Valley

Universities

Technically the following universities are not located in Silicon Valley, but have been instrumental as sources of research and new graduates:

Cities

A number of cities are located in Silicon Valley (in alphabetical order):

Cities sometimes associated with the region:

Trivia

In the James Bond film A View to a Kill, villain Max Zorin plans to destroy Silicon Valley by detonating explosives between the Hayward Fault and San Andreas Fault, causing them to flood. He dubs the operation 'Main Strike' in order to gain complete control of the microchip market by selling his own and destroying the competition.

Further reading

  • Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution by Steven Levy, Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday (1984)
  • Behind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era, Dennis Hayes, London: Free Association Books (1989)
  • Silicon Valley, Inc.: Ruminations on the Demise of a Unique Culture Archived 2007-03-02 at the Wayback Machine, The San Jose Mercury News (1997)
  • Cultures@Silicon Valley, J. A. English-Lueck, Stanford: Stanford University Press (2002)
  • The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-Tech Global Economy, David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park, New York University Press (2003)
  • What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry, John Markoff, Viking (2005)
  • The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams, David A. Kaplan, Harper Perinneal (April 2000), ISBN 0-688-17906-1
  • Cities of knowledge: Cold War science and the search for the next Silicon Valley Archived 2006-10-12 at the Wayback Machine, Margaret Pugh O’Mara, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, (2005)

Silicon Valley Media

References

  1. ↑ "San Jose area has world's third-highest GDP per capita, Brookings says". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
  2. ↑ Malone, Michael S. (2002-07-10). The Valley of Heart's Delight: A Silicon Valley Notebook 1963 - 2001. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-20191-5.
  3. ↑ Matthews, Glenna (2003). Silicon Valley, Women, and the California Dream: Gender, Class, and Opportunity in the Twentieth Century. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4154-5.
  4. ↑ Shueh, Sam (2009). Silicon Valley. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-7093-8.
  5. ↑ Carson, Biz. "16 Silicon Valley landmarks you must visit on your next trip". Business Insider. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
  6. ↑ "Tech Headquarters You Can Visit in Silicon Valley". TripSavvy. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
  7. ↑ Sheng, Ellen (2018-12-03). "Why the headquarters of iconic tech companies are now among America's top tourist attractions". CNBC. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
  8. ↑ Campbell, W. Joseph (2015). 1995 : the year the future began. Oakland, California. ISBN 978-0-520-95971-2. OCLC 891445696.
  9. ↑ Although Redwood City is not part of the region traditionally recognized as Silicon Valley, many now consider it to be part of the region, because of its proximity to Menlo Park and its high density of technology companies.
  10. ↑ Although Santa Cruz County is not always considered part of Silicon Valley, several smaller high-tech companies have located in the Scotts Valley and Santa Cruz area.

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