West Virginia

State of West Virginia
Flag Seal
Nickname(s):
Motto(s):
Anthem: 4 songs
Map of the United States with West Virginia highlighted
Country	United States
Before statehood	Part of Virginia
Admitted to the Union	June 20, 1863 (35th)
Capital (and largest city)	Charleston
Largest metro	Huntington-Ashland Tri-State Area
Government
• Governor	Jim Justice (R)
• Lieutenant Governor	Mitch Carmichael (R)
Legislature	West Virginia Legislature
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Delegates
U.S. senators	Joe Manchin (D) Shelley Moore Capito (R)
U.S. House delegation	1: David McKinley (R) 2: Alex Mooney (R) 3: Carol Miller (R) (list)
Area
• Total	24,230 sq mi (62,755 km2)
• Land	24,078 sq mi (62,361 km2)
• Water	152 sq mi (394 km2)  0.6%
Area rank	41st
Elevation	1,513 ft (461 m)
Highest elevation (Spruce Knob)	4,863 ft (1,482 m)
Lowest elevation (Potomac River at Virginia border)	240 ft (73 m)
Population  (2019)
• Total	1,792,147
• Rank	38th
• Density	77.1/sq mi (29.8/km2)
• Density rank	29th
• Median household income	$43,469
• Income rank	50th
Language
• Official language	De jure: English
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (EDT)
USPS abbreviation	WV
ISO 3166 code	US-WV
Trad. abbreviation	W.Va.
Latitude	37°12′ N to 40°39′ N
Longitude	77°43′ W to 82°39′ W
Website	wv.gov

West Virginia State symbols
The Flag of West Virginia.
The Seal of West Virginia.
Animate insignia
Bird(s)	Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)
Butterfly	Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus)
Fish	Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Flower(s)	Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum)
Insect	Western honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Mammal(s)	Black bear (Ursus americanus)
Reptile	Timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)
Tree	Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
Inanimate insignia
Colors	Old gold and blue
Food	Golden Delicious apple (Malus domestica)
Fossil	Jefferson's ground sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii)
Gemstone	Silicified Mississippian fossil coral (Lithostrotionella)
Slogan(s)	"Wild and Wonderful" "Open for Business" (former) "Almost Heaven" (former)
Soil	Monongahela Silt Loam
Tartan	West Virginia Shawl
Route marker(s)
State Quarter
Released in 2005
Lists of United States state insignia

West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian region of the United States. Its capital and largest city is Charleston. It is often abbreviated W. Va. or simply WV.

West Virginia is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north, by Ohio to the north and west, by Kentucky to the west, by Maryland to the north and east, and by Virginia to the east and south. The Ohio and Potomac Rivers form parts of the boundaries.

Before the American Civil War, West Virginia practiced slavery as part of the state of Virginia. Slaves, at first Native American but increasingly brought from Africa in the slave trade, were forced to grow tobacco, mine coal, and be personal servants. Many slaves were rented from owners in other parts of the state to work in the mines. In the 19th century, white people kept slaves in order to earn money by selling them south to states like Texas, Louisiana, and Georgia.

Statehood Of West Virginia

West Virginia was admitted into the union as a slave state in 1863. Slavery was abolished after the war, and Confederate veterans voted the politicians who passed the laws out of office.

West Virginia was once a part of Virginia. At the beginning of the American Civil War, Virginia and the other southern states seceded from the United States, which means they chose to not be a part of it anymore. Slaves were fewer in the west than in other parts, and those in West Virginia who were against slavery were not objecting on moral grounds. They saw it as bad for free labor. While slavery was an issue in other parts of Virginia, in the western counties the issues were taxation and being governed from a state capital that was far away. The people in Western Virginia had far more in common with their neighboring states of Pennsylvania and Ohio than with the Commonwealth of Virginia. So this was an area of Union support.

On June 20, 1863, West Virginia became the thirty-fifth state of the United States. But it was not an easy process. There had been some discussion of the area becoming a state since the early 1800s. It took three conventions at Wheeling from 1861 to 1863. The process divided friends and communities.

Statehood was not universally accepted in West Virginia. While there were no large scale battles, there was a good deal of guerilla warfare in attempts to undermine the new government. Confederates raided into West Virginia trying to terrorize the citizens. Despite Confederate efforts to topple the state government, Washington provided both economic and political support. Union military successes outside the state helped keep the state government in power. After the war there were bitter resentments between those for and against statehood. Virginia even tried to force West Virginia back into becoming a part of Virginia again in 1871.^[source?] But West Virginia remained a sovereign state despite the efforts.

Geography

West Virginia is often called the "Mountain State" because it is entirely within the Appalachian Mountain Range, and there are many hills and mountains throughout the state. The highest one is Spruce Knob, which is 4,863 feet above sea level. There are many rivers, including the Ohio, the Potomac, the Kanawha, and the Monongahela.

Related pages

• Colleges and universities in West Virginia
• List of counties in West Virginia