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Cayenne
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Cayenne | |
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| 2012 aerial view of Cayenne | |
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| Location of the commune (in red) within French Guiana | |
| Administration | |
|---|---|
| Country | France |
| Overseas region and department | French Guiana |
| Arrondissement | Cayenne |
| Intercommunality | Centre Littoral |
| Mayor | Marie-Laure Phinéra-Horth (2014-2020) |
| Statistics | |
| Land area1 | 23.60 km2 (9.11 sq mi) |
| Population2 | 55,198 (Jan. 2012[1]) |
| - Density | 2,339/km2 (6,060/sq mi) |
| Urban area | 206.9 km2 (79.9 sq mi) (2010) |
| - Population | 106,358 (Jan. 2012[1][2]) |
| Metro area | 5,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi) (2010) |
| - Population | 121,308 (Jan. 2012[1][3]) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 97302/ 97300 |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
| 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. | |
Cayenne is a commune, the capital (prefecture) of the French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France that is in northern South America. The city is on a former island at the mouth of the Cayenne river on the Atlantic coast.
Contents
History
The first European settlement in the region was founded on the Cayenne island in 1604 by French people sent by Henry IV but the settlement was destroyed by Portuguese to enforce the Treaty of Tordesillas
French colonists came back in 1643 and founded Cayenne, but they were forced to leave once more following Amerindian attacks. In 1664, France finally succeeded at establishing a permanent settlement at Cayenne. Over the next decade the colony changed hands between the French, Dutch, and English, before being restored to France. It was captured by an Anglo-Portuguese force at the invasion of Cayenne in 1809 and administered from Brazil until 1814, when it was returned to French control. It was used as a French penal colony from 1854 to 1938.
Geography
Cayenne is a city along the Atlantic coast on the sides of a common estuary of the Cayenne and Montsinéry rivers. It has an area of 23.60 km2 (9.11 sq mi); at the city hall, the altitude is 53 m (174 ft).[4]
The commune is at 268 km (167 mi) from Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni and 64 km (40 mi) from Kourou. The distances to other cities out of French Guiana are:
- Paris, the national capital, la capitale nationale, 7,100 km (4,412 mi).
- Fort-de-France, capital of Martinique, 1,500 km (932 mi).
- Paramaribo, capital of Surinam, 342 km (213 mi) to the northwest.
- Macapá, capital of Amapá (Brazil), 777 km (483 mi).
The city is surrounded by:
|
Atlantic Ocean | Atlantic Ocean | Atlantic Ocean |
|
| Estuary of the Cayenne and Montsinéry rivers |
|
Rémire-Montjoly | ||
 Cayenne 
| ||||
| ||||
| Matoury | Matoury | Rémire-Montjoly |
Climate
Cayenne has an equatorial climate (Köppen climate classification: Af) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification: Am) with a dry season and a heavy monsoon the rest of year and no cold season.
The average temperature for the year in Cayenne is 26.2 °C (79.2 °F). The warmest month, on average, is September with an average temperature of 27.2 °C (81.0 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 26.1 °C (79.0 °F).
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Cayenne is 3,205.5 mm (126.2 in). The month with the most precipitation on average is May with 513.1 mm (20.2 in) of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is September with an average of 43.2 mm (1.7 in). There is an average of 201.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in May with 27.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in September with 5.0 days.[5]
| Climate data for Cayenne, French Guiana, France | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 27 (81) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
29 (84) |
30 (86) |
31 (88) |
30 (86) |
30 (86) |
28 (82) |
28.8 (83.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26 (79) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
27 (81) |
27 (81) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
26.2 (79.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 23 (73) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
23 (73) |
22.6 (72.7) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 380 (14.96) |
320 (12.6) |
380 (14.96) |
380 (14.96) |
510 (20.08) |
390 (15.35) |
200 (7.87) |
100 (3.94) |
40 (1.57) |
50 (1.97) |
120 (4.72) |
290 (11.42) |
3,160 (124.41) |
| Source: Weatherbase.com [1] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
The inhabitants of Cayenne are known, in French, as Cayennais (women: Cayennaises).[6]
The city of Cayenne has a population, in 2014, of 55,817;[7] its population density is of 2,365 inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Cayenne <timeline> Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8)
ImageSize = width:500 height:373 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:30 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:60000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:10000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:5000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
BarData=
bar:1967 text:1967 bar:1974 text:1974 bar:1982 text:1982 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1999 text:1999 bar:2006 text:2006 bar:2014 text:2014
PlotData=
color:barra width:30 align:left
bar:1967 from:0 till: 24518 bar:1974 from:0 till: 30461 bar:1982 from:0 till: 38091 bar:1990 from:0 till: 41067 bar:1999 from:0 till: 50594 bar:2006 from:0 till: 58004 bar:2014 from:0 till: 55817
PlotData=
bar:1967 at: 24518 fontsize:S text: 24,518 shift:(-12,5) bar:1974 at: 30461 fontsize:S text: 30,461 shift:(-18,5) bar:1982 at: 38091 fontsize:S text: 38,091 shift:(-18,5) bar:1990 at: 41067 fontsize:S text: 41,067 shift:(-18,5) bar:1999 at: 50594 fontsize:S text: 50,594 shift:(-18,5) bar:2006 at: 58004 fontsize:S text: 58,004 shift:(-18,5) bar:2014 at: 55817 fontsize:S text: 55,817 shift:(-18,5)
</timeline>
Sister cities
Cayenne is twinned with:
Sites of interest
Place des Palmistes
Botanical Garden
Cayenne cathedral
Gallery
Related pages
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 INSEE. "Historique des populations par commune depuis 1961". http://insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/pages2013/zip/HIST_POP_COM_RP11.zip. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
- ↑ INSEE. "Base des unités urbaines 2012". http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/zonages/unites_urbaines.zip. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
- ↑ INSEE. "Base communale des aires urbaines 2012". http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/zonages/AU2010.zip. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
- ↑ "Cayenne". Map-France.com. http://www.map-france.com/Cayenne-97300/. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ↑ "Cayenne, France - Köppen Climate Classification". Weatherbase. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=50418&cityname=Cayenne%2C+Guyane%2C+French+Guiana&units=. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ↑ "Guyane" (in French). habitants.fr. http://www.habitants.fr/guyane-973. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ↑ "Régions, départements, arrondissements, cantons et communes" (in French) (PDF). Populations légales 2014. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2525755/dep81.pdf. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
Other websites
- Ville de Cayenne official website (in French)
- Collectivité territorial de Guyane website (in French)
- Prefecture website (in French)
- Guyane-Amazonie Tourism
