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Nord (French department)



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Department
Hotel de préfecture du Nord.jpg
Flag of Nord
Flag
Coat of arms of Nord
Coat of arms
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Location of Nord in France
Location of Nord in France
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CountryFrance
RegionHauts-de-France
Département4 March 1790
PrefectureLille
SubprefecturesAvesnes-sur-Helpe, Cambrai, Douai, Dunkirk, Valenciennes
Government
[1]
 • PresidentJean-René Lecerf
Area
[2]
 • Total5,742.8 km2 (2,217.3 sq mi)
Population
 (2014)[3]
 • Total2,603,472
 • Density453.345/km2 (1,174.159/sq mi)
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Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
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ISO 3166 codeFR-59
Arrondissements6
Cantons41
Communes648

Nord is a department in the north of France, in the Hauts-de-France region. Its name is because the department is in the north of France. Its prefecture is Lille.

History

Nord is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Douai as is capital.[4]

It was divided in eight districts: Avesnes, Bergues, Cambrai, Douai, Hazebrouck, Lille, Le Quesnoy and Valenciennes.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the eight districts were changed into six arrondissements: Avesnes, Bergues, Cambrai, Cassel, Douai and Lille.[4]

In 1803, the capital of the department was moved from Douai to Lille and the subprefecture of Bergues was moved to Dunkirk.

The arrondissement of Valenciennes was created in 1824.

The subprefecture of Cassel was moved to Hazebrouck in 1857. On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Hazebrouck was eliminated.[4]

In 1962, the name of the commune Avesnes was changed to Avesnes-sur-Helpe.

Geography

Nord is part of the Hauts-de-France region. It has an area of 5,742.8 km2 (2,217 sq mi).[2]

The department is surrounded by the North Sea, Belgium (West Flanders and Hainaut provinces) and 3 other departments of the Hauts-de-France region:

North Sea Belgium
Pas-de-Calais Belgium
   Nord    
Somme Aisne
The highest point in the department is in the commune of Anor (

Template-specific style sheet:

49°59′48″N 4°9′32″E / 49.99667°N 4.15889°E / 49.99667; 4.15889 (Nord High Point)) near the border with Belgium; it is 271 m (889 ft) high.[5]

Several rivers flow through the department; the main rivers are the Scheldt/Escaut, the Yser, the Lys, the Scarpe, and the Sambre.



Climate


The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Lille is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".[6]

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Lille is 645.2 mm (25.4 in). The month with the most precipitation on average is October with 63.5 mm (2.5 in) of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of 40.6 mm (1.6 in).

The average temperature for the year in Lille is 10.8 °C (51.4 °F). The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 18.6 °C (65.5 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 3.6 °C (38.5 °F).









Climate data for Lille, France




 Month

 Jan

 Feb

 Mar

 Apr

 May

 Jun

 Jul

 Aug

 Sep

 Oct

 Nov

 Dec

Year




Average high °C (°F)

6.0
(42.8)

6.9
(44.4)

10.6
(51.1)

14.1
(57.4)

17.9
(64.2)

20.6
(69.1)

23.3
(73.9)

23.3
(73.9)

19.7
(67.5)

15.2
(59.4)

9.8
(49.6)

6.4
(43.5)

14.48
(58.07)




Daily mean °C (°F)

3.6
(38.5)

4.1
(39.4)

7.1
(44.8)

9.8
(49.6)

13.4
(56.1)

16.2
(61.2)

18.6
(65.5)

18.5
(65.3)

15.5
(59.9)

11.7
(53.1)

7.1
(44.8)

4.2
(39.6)

10.82
(51.47)




Average low °C (°F)

1.2
(34.2)

1.3
(34.3)

3.6
(38.5)

5.4
(41.7)

8.9
(48)

11.7
(53.1)

13.8
(56.8)

13.6
(56.5)

11.2
(52.2)

8.1
(46.6)

4.4
(39.9)

1.9
(35.4)

7.09
(44.77)




Rainfall mm (inches)

40
(1.57)

40
(1.57)

40
(1.57)

40
(1.57)

50
(1.97)

50
(1.97)

60
(2.36)

50
(1.97)

50
(1.97)

60
(2.36)

60
(2.36)

50
(1.97)

590
(23.23)




Source: Weatherbase.com [1]





Administration


Nord is managed by the Departmental Council of Aisne in Lille. The department is part of the Hauts-de-France region.



Administrative divisions


There are 6 arrondissements (districts), 41 cantons and 648 communes (municipalities) in Nord.[7]






 Arrondissements of the Nord department



 INSEE
code 		
 Arrondissement 
 Capital 
 Population[8]
(2014) 		
 Area[9]
(km²) 		
 Density
(Inh./km²) 		
 Communes




 591 
 Avesnes-sur-Helpe 
 Avesnes-sur-Helpe 
 231,727 
 1,407.5 
 164.6 
 151




 592 
 Cambrai 
 Cambrai 
 163,065 
 901.6 
 180.9 
 116




 593 
 Douai 
 Douai 
 246,595 
 476.6 
 517.4 
 64




 594 
 Dunkirk 
 Dunkirk 
 378,499 
 1,442.7 
 262.4 
 111




 595 
 Lille 
 Lille 
 1,232,513 
 879.5 
 1,401.4 
 124




 596 
 Valenciennes 
 Valenciennes 
 351,073 
 634.8 
 553.0 
 82





The following is a list of the 41 cantons of the Nord department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:[10]



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Demographics


The inhabitants of Nord are known, in French, as Nordistes.[11]

Nord had a population, in 2014, of 2,603,472,[3] for a population density of 453.3 inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Lille, with 1,232,513 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.[8]





Evolution of the population in Nord
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bar:2014 at: 2603472 fontsize:S text: 2,603,472 shift:(-22,5)



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The 10 communes in the department with more inhabitants are:[8]









 City

 Population[8]
(2014)

 Arrondissement




 Lille 
 233,897 
 Lille




 Roubaix 
 95,600 
 Lille




 Tourcoing 
 95,329 
 Lille




 Dunkirk 
 89,160 
 Dunkirk




 Villeneuve d'Ascq 
 62,869 
 Lille




 Valenciennes 
 43,787 
 Valenciennes




 Wattrelos 
 41,337 
 Lille




 Douai 
 40,736 
 Douai




 Marcq-en-Barœul 
 39,291 
 Lille




 Cambrai 
 32,897 
 Cambrai





Gallery







Related pages



References




    

  1. ↑ "Président". Aisne.com. Conseil Général de l'Aisne. http://aisne.com/Vos-elus. Retrieved 30 October 2016. 

    2. 

  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Département du Nord (59)" (in French). Comparateur de territoire. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/comparateur.asp?codgeo=DEP-59. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 

    3. 

  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Populations légales 2014 des départements et des collectivités d'outre-mer" (in French). Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2525762?sommaire=2525768. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 

    4. 

  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Historique du Nord" (in French). Le SPLAF. http://splaf.free.fr/59his.html. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 

    5. 

  5. ↑ "Nord High Point, France". Peakbagger.com. http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=9598. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 

    6. 

  6. ↑ "Lille, France - Köppen Climate Classification". Weatherbase. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=51070&cityname=Lille%2C+Nord-Pas-de-Calais%2C+France&units=. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 

    7. 

  7. ↑ "Département du Nord (59)" (in French). Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/cog/departement/DEP59-nord. Retrieved 9 November 2017. 

    8. 

  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Régions, départements, arrondissements, cantons et communes" (in French) (PDF). Populations légales 2014. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2525755/dep59.pdf. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 

    9. 

  9. ↑ "Département du Nord (59) et Arrondissements" (in French). Comparateur de territoire. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=DEP-59+ARR-591+ARR-592+ARR-593+ARR-594+ARR-595+ARR-596. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 

    10. 

  10. ↑ "Décret n° 2014-167 du 17 février 2014 portant délimitation des cantons dans le département du Nord" (in French). Légifrance.gouv.fr. http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000028626173. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 

    11. 

  11. ↑ "Habitants du départment: Nord" (in French). habitants.fr. https://www.habitants.fr/nord-59. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 

    12. 



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