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Nord (French department)



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Flag of Nord
Flag
Coat of arms of Nord
Coat of arms
Location of Nord in France
Location of Nord in France
Coordinates: 50°23′N 03°19′E / 50.383°N 3.317°E / 50.383; 3.317Coordinates: 50°23′N 03°19′E / 50.383°N 3.317°E / 50.383; 3.317
CountryFrance
RegionHauts-de-France
Département4 March 1790
PrefectureLille
SubprefecturesAvesnes-sur-Helpe, Cambrai, Douai, Dunkirk, Valenciennes
Government
 • PresidentJean-René Lecerf
Area
 • Total5,742.8 km2 (2,217.3 sq mi)
Population
 (2014)[3]
 • Total2,603,472
 • Density453.345/km2 (1,174.159/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeFR-59
Arrondissements6
Cantons41
Communes648

Nord is a department in the north of France, in the Hauts-de-France region. Its name is because the department is in the north of France. Its prefecture is Lille.

History

Nord is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Douai as is capital.[4]

It was divided in eight districts: Avesnes, Bergues, Cambrai, Douai, Hazebrouck, Lille, Le Quesnoy and Valenciennes.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the eight districts were changed into six arrondissements: Avesnes, Bergues, Cambrai, Cassel, Douai and Lille.[4]

In 1803, the capital of the department was moved from Douai to Lille and the subprefecture of Bergues was moved to Dunkirk.

The arrondissement of Valenciennes was created in 1824.

The subprefecture of Cassel was moved to Hazebrouck in 1857. On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Hazebrouck was eliminated.[4]

In 1962, the name of the commune Avesnes was changed to Avesnes-sur-Helpe.

Geography

Nord is part of the Hauts-de-France region. It has an area of 5,742.8 km2 (2,217 sq mi).[2]

The department is surrounded by the North Sea, Belgium (West Flanders and Hainaut provinces) and 3 other departments of the Hauts-de-France region:

North Sea Belgium
Pas-de-Calais Belgium
   Nord    
Somme Aisne

The highest point in the department is in the commune of Anor (49°59′48″N 4°9′32″E / 49.99667°N 4.15889°E / 49.99667; 4.15889 (Nord High Point)) near the border with Belgium; it is 271 m (889 ft) high.[5]

Several rivers flow through the department; the main rivers are the Scheldt/Escaut, the Yser, the Lys, the Scarpe, and the Sambre.

Climate

The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Lille is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".[6]

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Lille is 645.2 mm (25.4 in). The month with the most precipitation on average is October with 63.5 mm (2.5 in) of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of 40.6 mm (1.6 in).

The average temperature for the year in Lille is 10.8 °C (51.4 °F). The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 18.6 °C (65.5 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 3.6 °C (38.5 °F).

Climate data for Lille, France
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 6.0
(42.8) 		6.9
(44.4) 		10.6
(51.1) 		14.1
(57.4) 		17.9
(64.2) 		20.6
(69.1) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.3
(73.9) 		19.7
(67.5) 		15.2
(59.4) 		9.8
(49.6) 		6.4
(43.5) 		14.48
(58.07)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.6
(38.5) 		4.1
(39.4) 		7.1
(44.8) 		9.8
(49.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		16.2
(61.2) 		18.6
(65.5) 		18.5
(65.3) 		15.5
(59.9) 		11.7
(53.1) 		7.1
(44.8) 		4.2
(39.6) 		10.82
(51.47)
Average low °C (°F) 1.2
(34.2) 		1.3
(34.3) 		3.6
(38.5) 		5.4
(41.7) 		8.9
(48) 		11.7
(53.1) 		13.8
(56.8) 		13.6
(56.5) 		11.2
(52.2) 		8.1
(46.6) 		4.4
(39.9) 		1.9
(35.4) 		7.09
(44.77)
Rainfall mm (inches) 40
(1.57) 		40
(1.57) 		40
(1.57) 		40
(1.57) 		50
(1.97) 		50
(1.97) 		60
(2.36) 		50
(1.97) 		50
(1.97) 		60
(2.36) 		60
(2.36) 		50
(1.97) 		590
(23.23)
Source: Weatherbase.com [1]

Administration

Nord is managed by the Departmental Council of Aisne in Lille. The department is part of the Hauts-de-France region.

Administrative divisions

There are 6 arrondissements (districts), 41 cantons and 648 communes (municipalities) in Nord.[7]

Arrondissements of the Nord department
INSEE
code 		Arrondissement Capital Population[8]
(2014) 		Area[9]
(km²) 		Density
(Inh./km²) 		Communes
591 Avesnes-sur-Helpe Avesnes-sur-Helpe 231,727 1,407.5 164.6 151
592 Cambrai Cambrai 163,065 901.6 180.9 116
593 Douai Douai 246,595 476.6 517.4 64
594 Dunkirk Dunkirk 378,499 1,442.7 262.4 111
595 Lille Lille 1,232,513 879.5 1,401.4 124
596 Valenciennes Valenciennes 351,073 634.8 553.0 82

The following is a list of the 41 cantons of the Nord department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:[10]

Demographics

The inhabitants of Nord are known, in French, as Nordistes.[11]

Nord had a population, in 2014, of 2,603,472,[3] for a population density of 453.3 inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Lille, with 1,232,513 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.[8]

Evolution of the population in Nord <timeline> Colors= 

 id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
 id:darkgrey  value:gray(0.7)
 id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1)
 id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8)

ImageSize = width:600 height:373 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:3000000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:500000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= 

 bar:1968 text:1968
 bar:1975 text:1975
 bar:1982 text:1982
 bar:1990 text:1990
 bar:1999 text:1999
 bar:2008 text:2008
 bar:2014 text:2014

PlotData= 

 color:barra width:30 align:left
 bar:1968 from:0 till: 2418847
 bar:1975 from:0 till: 2511478
 bar:1982 from:0 till: 2520526
 bar:1990 from:0 till: 2531855
 bar:1999 from:0 till: 2555020
 bar:2008 from:0 till: 2564959
 bar:2014 from:0 till: 2603472

PlotData= 

bar:1968 at: 2418847 fontsize:S text: 2,418,847 shift:(-12,7)
bar:1975 at: 2511478 fontsize:S text: 2,511,478 shift:(-22,5)
bar:1982 at: 2520526 fontsize:S text: 2,520,526 shift:(-22,5)
bar:1990 at: 2531855 fontsize:S text: 2,531,855 shift:(-22,5)
bar:1999 at: 2555020 fontsize:S text: 2,555,020 shift:(-22,5)
bar:2008 at: 2564959 fontsize:S text: 2,564,959 shift:(-22,5)
bar:2014 at: 2603472 fontsize:S text: 2,603,472 shift:(-22,5)

</timeline>

The 10 communes in the department with more inhabitants are:[8]

City Population[8]
(2014) 		Arrondissement
Lille 233,897 Lille
Roubaix 95,600 Lille
Tourcoing 95,329 Lille
Dunkirk 89,160 Dunkirk
Villeneuve d'Ascq 62,869 Lille
Valenciennes 43,787 Valenciennes
Wattrelos 41,337 Lille
Douai 40,736 Douai
Marcq-en-Barœul 39,291 Lille
Cambrai 32,897 Cambrai

Gallery

Related pages

References

  1. ↑ "Président". Aisne.com. Conseil Général de l'Aisne. http://aisne.com/Vos-elus. Retrieved 30 October 2016. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Département du Nord (59)" (in French). Comparateur de territoire. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/comparateur.asp?codgeo=DEP-59. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Populations légales 2014 des départements et des collectivités d'outre-mer" (in French). Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2525762?sommaire=2525768. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Historique du Nord" (in French). Le SPLAF. http://splaf.free.fr/59his.html. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  5. ↑ "Nord High Point, France". Peakbagger.com. http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=9598. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  6. ↑ "Lille, France - Köppen Climate Classification". Weatherbase. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=51070&cityname=Lille%2C+Nord-Pas-de-Calais%2C+France&units=. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  7. ↑ "Département du Nord (59)" (in French). Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/cog/departement/DEP59-nord. Retrieved 9 November 2017. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Régions, départements, arrondissements, cantons et communes" (in French) (PDF). Populations légales 2014. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2525755/dep59.pdf. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  9. ↑ "Département du Nord (59) et Arrondissements" (in French). Comparateur de territoire. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=DEP-59+ARR-591+ARR-592+ARR-593+ARR-594+ARR-595+ARR-596. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  10. ↑ "Décret n° 2014-167 du 17 février 2014 portant délimitation des cantons dans le département du Nord" (in French). Légifrance.gouv.fr. http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000028626173. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  11. ↑ "Habitants du départment: Nord" (in French). habitants.fr. https://www.habitants.fr/nord-59. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 

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