Professor
Professor (often shortened to Prof.)[2] is an academic rank at most universities and colleges. The word professor comes from Latin. It means a "person who professes", so professors are usually experts in arts or sciences.[2] A professor is a teacher of the highest rank.[2] Professors are often active in research. In many institutions, the job title 'professor' means the same as "instructor".[3]
Description
A professor is an accomplished and recognized academic. In most Commonwealth nations, as well as northern Europe, the title professor is the highest academic rank at a university. In the United States and Canada, the title of professor is also the highest rank, but a higher percentage achieve it.[4] In these areas, professors are scholars with doctorate degrees (typically Ph.D. degrees) or equivalent qualifications, though some have master's degrees.[5] Most professors teach in four-year colleges and universities. An emeritus professor is a title given to selected retired professors with whom the university wishes to continue to be associated due to their stature and ongoing research. Emeritus professors do not receive a salary. However, they are often given office or lab space, and use of libraries, labs, and so on.
The term professor is also used in the titles assistant professor and associate professor, which are not considered non-tenured professors.[6] In Australia, the title associate professor is used in place of reader, ranking above senior lecturer and below full professor.[7]
Beyond holding the proper academic title, universities in many countries also give notable artists, athletes and foreign dignitaries the title honorary professor, even if these persons do not have the academic qualifications typically necessary for professorship and they do not take up professorial duties. However, such "professors" usually do not undertake academic work for the granting institution. In general, the title of professor is strictly used for academic positions rather than for those holding it on honorary basis.
Adjunct
An adjunct professor, also called an adjunct lecturer or adjunct instructor is a non-tenure position in the U.S. and Canada. They usually rank below a full professor.[8] They are usually hired on a contract basis.[8] They are often hired as part-time instructors especially at universities and colleges with tightening budgets.[8] The position of an adjunct can often lead to a full-time professorship.[8] It is also an opportunity for professionals to teach part-time.
Salary
A professor's salary can vary by education, school, subject taught and country. A professor typically earns a base salary and a range of benefits. In addition, a professor who undertakes additional roles in her institution (e.g., department chair, dean, head of graduate studies, etc.) earns additional income. In the United States, in 2014, a tenured Law professor made an average of $143,509 a year.[9] By comparison, those teaching history, English, the Arts or Theology make about half that amount.[9] But both are far above the median income for a person in the US.[10]
Average by country
| Country[11] | Average/month[11] | Average/week[11] |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | 5,945 AUD | |
| Brazil | 2,604 reals | 26.9 |
| Canada | 4,631 CAD | 36.0 |
| Czech Republic | 21,064 CSK | 33.5 |
| Finland | 3,155 euros (men) | 36.4 |
| Germany | 4,902 euros | |
| Hungary | 242,296 HUFs | |
| Italy | 4,220 euros | |
| Japan | 582,421 yen | |
| Kuwait | 960 dinars | 36.0 |
| Latvia | 419 lats | 29.8 |
| Mexico | 13,877 pesos | 42.0 |
| Peru | 2,583 PEN | |
| Philippines | 19,524 PHP | |
| Portugal | 1,519 euros | 36.8 |
| Romania | 2,168 RON (men) | 38.8 |
| Thailand | 21,067 THB (men) | 38.0 |
| United Kingdom | 3,119 GBP | 36.0 |
| United States | 6,103 USD | 32.3 |
ProfessorAdjunct Media
Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration
The Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates was one of the earliest recorded professors
Toni Morrison, Emeritus Professor at Princeton University
Salary of professors, as reported in the 2005 report the Deutscher Hochschulverband DHV. Bars are for assistant professor, associate professor and full professor, respectively.
Related pages
References
- ↑ "Madeleine Albright teaches international relations at Georgetown". Business Insider Inc. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Douglas Harper. "Professor". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- ↑ Errol Craig Sull (January 28, 2010). "Instructor or Professor, It's Not Your Title but What You Do That's Important". Faculty Focus/Magna. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- ↑ "The Ever-Shrinking Role of Tenured College Professors (in 1 Chart)". The Atlantic. 10 April 2013.
- ↑ "Learhowtobecome.org - Proffesor". 27 July 2018.
- ↑ Jaime, Alfredo (December 6, 2019). "The Differences Between Assistant, Associate, and Full Professors". Salarship. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020.
- ↑ "Australia, Academic Career Structure • European University Institute".
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "How to Become an Adjunct Professor: Job, Education, Salary". Concordia University. September 1, 2015. Archived from the original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Akane Otani (March 17, 2015). "The Highest-Paid Professors in the U.S." Bloomberg, L.P. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau. "Real Median Personal Income in the United States". FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Professor Salaries - International Comparison". Worldsalaries.org. Retrieved February 5, 2017.