List of counties in Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia is divided into 95 counties and 39 independent cities, which are considered county-equivalents for census purposes.
List
County |
FIPS code[1] | County seat[2] | Established[2] | Origin | Meaning of name | Population[2] | Area[2] | Map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accomack County | 001 | Accomac | 1663 | ? | From the Native American word Accawmack, meaning "on the other side", referencing the county's position across Chesapeake Bay | 79,236 | 723 sq mi (1,873 km2) |
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Albemarle County | 003 | Charlottesville | 1744 | ? | Willem Anne van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle, colonial proprietary governor | 98,970 | 723 sq mi (1,873 km2) |
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Alleghany County | 005 | Covington | 1822 | ? | Alleghany Mountains | 12,926 | 446 sq mi (1,155 km2) |
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Amelia County | 007 | Amelia Court House | 1734 | ? | Princess Amelia Sophia, second daughter of George II of Great Britain | 11,400 | 357 sq mi (925 km2) |
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Amherst County | 009 | Amherst | 1761 | ? | Jeffery Amherst, British conqueror of Quebec during the Seven Years War and colonial governor of Virginia | 31,894 | 475 sq mi (1,230 km2) |
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Appomattox County | 011 | Appomattox | 1845 | ? | Appomattox River | 13,705 | 334 sq mi (865 km2) |
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Arlington County | 013 | Arlington | 1801 | ? | Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, colonial proprietary landowner | 207,627 | 26 sq mi (67 km2) |
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Augusta County | 015 | Staunton | 1745 | ? | Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the Princess of Wales | 65,615 | 971 sq mi (2,515 km2) |
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Bath County | 017 | Warm Springs | 1790 | From Augusta, Botetourt and Greenbrier counties December 14, 1790 | Bath, England | 5,048 | 532 sq mi (1,378 km2) |
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Bedford County | 019 | Bedford | 1753 | ? | John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British politician and one of the head negotiators of the Peace of Paris | 60,371 | 755 sq mi (1,955 km2) |
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Bland County | 021 | Bland | 1861 | ? | Richard Bland, member of the Continental Congress and publisher of the American Revolutionary War-era tract An Inquiry into the Rights of the British Colonies | 6,871 | 359 sq mi (930 km2) |
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Botetourt County | 023 | Fincastle | 1796 | ? | Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt, colonial governor of Virginia | 30,496 | 543 sq mi (1,406 km2) |
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Brunswick County | 025 | Lawrenceville | 1732 | ? | Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, from which the current line of British monarchs hailed | 18,419 | 566 sq mi (1,466 km2) |
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Buchanan County | 027 | Grundy | 1858 | ? | James Buchanan, fifteenth U.S. President | 26,978 | 504 sq mi (1,305 km2) |
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Buckingham County | 029 | Buckingham | 1785 | ? | Buckinghamshire, England | 15,623 | 581 sq mi (1,505 km2) |
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Campbell County | 031 | Rustburg | 1782 | ? | William Campbell, Revolutionary War general | 51,078 | 504 sq mi (1,305 km2) |
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Caroline County | 033 | Bowling Green | 1728 | ? | Caroline of Ansbach, wife of King George II of Great Britain | 28,545 | 533 sq mi (1,380 km2) |
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Carroll County | 035 | Hillsville | 1842 | ? | Charles Carroll, last living signer of the Declaration of Independence | 29,245 | 476 sq mi (1,233 km2) |
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Charles City County | 036 | Charles City | 1634 | Colonial division before 1635[3] | King Charles I of England | 6,926 | 182 sq mi (471 km2) |
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Charlotte County | 037 | Charlotte Court House | 1765 | ? | Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of King George III of Great Britain | 12,472 | 475 sq mi (1,230 km2) |
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Chesterfield County | 041 | Chesterfield | 1749 | ? | Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, British politician and Lord of the Bedchamber | 259,903 | 426 sq mi (1,103 km2) |
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Clarke County | 043 | Berryville | 1836 | ? | George Rogers Clarke, Revolutionary War general | 12,652 | 177 sq mi (458 km2) |
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Craig County | 045 | New Castle | 1851 | ? | Robert Craig, U.S. Representative from Virginia | 5,091 | 330 sq mi (855 km2) |
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Culpeper County | 047 | Culpeper | 1748 | ? | Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, colonial proprietary governor | 46,689 | 381 sq mi (987 km2) |
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Cumberland County | 049 | Cumberland | 1749 | ? | Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, British general, politician, and son of King George II | 9,017 | 298 sq mi (772 km2) |
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Dickenson County | 051 | Clintwood | 1880 | ? | William J. Dickinson, member of the Virginia House of Delegates | 16,395 | 333 sq mi (862 km2) |
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Dinwiddie County | 053 | Dinwiddie | 1752 | ? | Robert Dinwiddie, colonial lieutenant governor of Virginia | 24,533 | 504 sq mi (1,305 km2) |
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Essex County | 057 | Tappahannock | 1692 | Founded by John Smith who lived in Hustle, Essex County | Essex, United Kingdom | 9,989 | 258 sq mi (668 km2) |
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Fairfax County | 059 | Fairfax | 1742 | ? | Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, the only resident British noble in Virginia | 1,081,726 | 396 sq mi (1,026 km2) |
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Fauquier County | 061 | Warrenton | 1759 | ? | Francis Fauquier, colonial lieutenant governor of Virginia | 68,010 | 650 sq mi (1,683 km2) |
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Floyd County | 063 | Floyd | 1831 | ? | John Floyd, governor of Virginia | 13,874 | 382 sq mi (989 km2) |
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Fluvanna County | 065 | Palmyra | 1777 | ? | From the Latin name for the James River, which itself translates to "Annie's River" in honor of Queen Anne | 20,047 | 287 sq mi (743 km2) |
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Franklin County | 067 | Rocky Mount | 1785 | ? | Benjamin Franklin, publisher, orator, scholar, and U.S. Founding Father | 47,286 | 692 sq mi (1,792 km2) |
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Frederick County | 069 | Winchester | 1743 | ? | Frederick, Prince of Wales, eldest son of George II | 59,209 | 415 sq mi (1,075 km2) |
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Giles County | 071 | Pearisburg | 1806 | ? | William Branch Giles, U.S. Senator from Virginia | 16,657 | 358 sq mi (927 km2) |
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Gloucester County | 073 | Gloucester | 1651 | ? | Gloucestershire, England | 34,780 | 217 sq mi (562 km2) |
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Goochland County | 075 | Goochland | 1727 | ? | William Gooch, colonial lieutenant governor of Virginia | 16,863 | 284 sq mi (736 km2) |
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Grayson County | 077 | Independence | 1793 | ? | William Grayson, U.S. Senator from Virginia | 17,917 | 443 sq mi (1,147 km2) |
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Greene County | 079 | Stanardsville | 1838 | ? | Nathanael Greene, Revolutionary War general | 15,244 | 157 sq mi (407 km2) |
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Greensville County | 081 | Emporia | 1780 | ? | Richard Grenville, commander of the English expedition to found Roanoke Colony | 11,560 | 296 sq mi (767 km2) |
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Halifax County | 083 | Halifax | 1752 | ? | George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, President of the Board of Trade | 37,355 | 814 sq mi (2,108 km2) |
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Hanover County | 085 | Hanover | 1720 | ? | Electorate of Hanover, from which the current line of British monarchs hailed | 99,863 | 473 sq mi (1,225 km2) |
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Henrico County | 087 | Richmond | 1617 | Original county of the Colony under England | Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, oldest son of James I of England | 262,300 | 238 sq mi (616 km2) |
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Henry County | 089 | Martinsville | 1777 | ? | Patrick Henry, governor of Virginia and U.S. Founding Father | 57,930 | 382 sq mi (989 km2) |
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Highland County | 091 | Monterey | 1847 | ? | Mountainous topography | 2,536 | 416 sq mi (1,077 km2) |
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Isle of Wight County | 093 | Isle of Wight | 1634 | ? | Isle of Wight, England | 29,728 | 316 sq mi (818 km2) |
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James City County | 095 | Williamsburg | 1617 | Original county of the Colony under England | King James I of England | 67,009 | 143 sq mi (370 km2) |
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King and Queen County | 097 | King and Queen Court House | 1691 | ? | King William III and Queen Mary II | 6,630 | 316 sq mi (818 km2) |
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King George County | 099 | King George | 1721 | ? | George I of Great Britain | 16,803 | 180 sq mi (466 km2) |
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King William County | 101 | King William | 1702 | ? | William III of England | 13,146 | 275 sq mi (712 km2) |
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Lancaster County | 103 | Lancaster | 1651 | ? | Lancaster, United Kingdom | 11,567 | 133 sq mi (344 km2) |
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Lee County | 105 | Jonesville | 1793 | ? | Light Horse Harry Lee, Revolutionary War general and governor of Virginia | 23,589 | 437 sq mi (1,132 km2) |
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Loudoun County | 107 | Leesburg | 1757 | ? | John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, British Commander-in-Chief, North America during the Seven Years War | 312,311 | 520 sq mi (1,347 km2) |
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Louisa County | 109 | Louisa | 1742 | ? | Princess Louise, youngest daughter of George II | 25,627 | 498 sq mi (1,290 km2) |
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Lunenburg County | 111 | Lunenburg | 1746 | ? | Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, from which the current line of British monarchs hailed | 13,146 | 432 sq mi (1,119 km2) |
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Madison County | 113 | Madison | 1793 | ? | James Madison, Congressman from Virginia, principal author of the U.S. Constitution, and future U.S. President | 12,520 | 322 sq mi (834 km2) |
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Mathews County | 115 | Mathews | 1791 | ? | Thomas Mathews, British commander in the War of the Austrian Succession | 9,207 | 86 sq mi (223 km2) |
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Mecklenburg County | 117 | Boydton | 1765 | ? | Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of King George III | 32,380 | 624 sq mi (1,616 km2) |
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Middlesex County | 119 | Saluda | 1673 | ? | Middlesex, United Kingdom | 9,932 | 130 sq mi (337 km2) |
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Montgomery County | 121 | Christiansburg | 1777 | ? | Richard Montgomery, Revolutionary War general | 83,629 | 388 sq mi (1,005 km2) |
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Nelson County | 125 | Lovingston | 1808 | ? | Thomas Nelson Jr., governor of Virginia and signer of the Declaration of Independence | 14,445 | 472 sq mi (1,222 km2) |
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New Kent County | 127 | New Kent | 1654 | ? | Kent County, England | 13,462 | 210 sq mi (544 km2) |
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Northampton County | 131 | Eastville | 1634 | ? | Northamptonshire, England | 13,093 | 207 sq mi (536 km2) |
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Northumberland County | 133 | Heathsville | 1648 | ? | Northumberland, United Kingdom | 12,259 | 192 sq mi (497 km2) |
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Nottoway County | 135 | Nottoway | 1789 | ? | Nodawa tribe | 15,725 | 315 sq mi (816 km2) |
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Orange County | 137 | Orange | 1734 | ? | William III of England | 25,881 | 342 sq mi (886 km2) |
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Page County | 139 | Luray | 1831 | ? | John Page, governor of Virginia | 23,177 | 311 sq mi (805 km2) |
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Patrick County | 141 | Stuart | 1791 | ? | Patrick Henry, governor of Virginia and U.S. Founding Father | 19,407 | 483 sq mi (1,251 km2) |
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Pittsylvania County | 143 | Chatham | 1767 | ? | William Pitt, British Prime Minister | 61,745 | 978 sq mi (2,533 km2) |
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Powhatan County | 145 | Powhatan | 1777 | ? | Powhatan people | 22,377 | 261 sq mi (676 km2) |
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Prince Edward County | 147 | Farmville | 1754 | ? | Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany, brother of George III | 19,720 | 353 sq mi (914 km2) |
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Prince George County | 149 | Prince George | 1703 | From Charles City County | Prince George of Denmark, husband of Queen Anne | 33,047 | 266 sq mi (689 km2) |
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Prince William County | 153 | Manassas | 1731 | ? | Prince William Augustus, son of George II | 402,002 | 338 sq mi (875 km2) |
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Pulaski County | 155 | Pulaski | 1839 | ? | Kazimierz Pulaski, Polish-born Revolutionary War general | 35,127 | 321 sq mi (831 km2) |
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Rappahannock County | 157 | Washington | 1833 | ? | Rappahannock River | 6,983 | 267 sq mi (692 km2) |
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Richmond County | 159 | Warsaw | 1692 | ? | Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, illegitimate son of King Charles II | 8,809 | 192 sq mi (497 km2) |
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Roanoke County | 161 | Salem | 1838 | ? | Roanoke River | 85,778 | 251 sq mi (650 km2) |
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Rockbridge County | 163 | Lexington | 1778 | ? | Natural Bridge | 20,808 | 600 sq mi (1,554 km2) |
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Rockingham County | 165 | Harrisonburg | 1778 | ? | Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, British Prime Minister | 67,725 | 851 sq mi (2,204 km2) |
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Russell County | 167 | Lebanon | 1786 | ? | William Russell, frontiersman and state representative | 30,308 | 475 sq mi (1,230 km2) |
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Scott County | 169 | Gate City | 1814 | ? | Winfield Scott, War of 1812 and later Mexican-American War general | 23,403 | 537 sq mi (1,391 km2) |
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Shenandoah County | 171 | Woodstock | 1772 | ? | Shenandoah River | 35,075 | 512 sq mi (1,326 km2) |
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Smyth County | 173 | Marion | 1832 | ? | Alexander Smyth, Congressman from Virginia | 33,081 | 452 sq mi (1,171 km2) |
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Southampton County | 175 | Courtland | 1749 | ? | Disputed; either Southampton, England or Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, one of the founders of the Virginia Company | 17,482 | 600 sq mi (1,554 km2) |
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Spotsylvania County | 177 | Spotsylvania Courthouse | 1721 | ? | Alexander Spotswood, colonial lieutenant governor of Virignia | 122,397 | 401 sq mi (1,039 km2) |
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Stafford County | 179 | Stafford | 1664 | ? | Stafford, England | 128,961 | 270 sq mi (699 km2) |
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Surry County | 181 | Surry | 1652 | ? | Surrey, United Kingdom | 6,829 | 279 sq mi (723 km2) |
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Sussex County | 183 | Sussex | 1754 | ? | Sussex, United Kingdom | 12,504 | 491 sq mi (1,272 km2) |
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Tazewell County | 185 | Tazewell | 1800 | ? | Henry Tazewell, U.S. Senator from Virginia | 44,598 | 520 sq mi (1,347 km2) |
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Warren County | 187 | Front Royal | 1836 | ? | Joseph Warren, Revolutionary War general | 31,584 | 214 sq mi (554 km2) |
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Washington County | 191 | Abingdon | 1777 | ? | George Washington, Revolutionary War commander, U.S. Founding Father, and future U.S. President | 51,103 | 564 sq mi (1,461 km2) |
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Westmoreland County | 193 | Montross | 1653 | ? | Westmoreland, United Kingdom | 16,718 | 229 sq mi (593 km2) |
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Wise County | 195 | Wise | 1856 | ? | Henry Alexander Wise, governor of Virginia | 40,123 | 403 sq mi (1,044 km2) |
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Wythe County | 197 | Wytheville | 1790 | ? | George Wythe, legal scholar and signer of the Declaration of Independence | 27,599 | 463 sq mi (1,199 km2) |
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York County | 199 | Yorktown | 1634 | ? | James Stuart, Duke of York, the future King James II | 65,464 | 106 sq mi (275 km2) |
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City of Alexandria | 510 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Alexandria County before 1870[5] | Phillip & John Alexander, brothers and area plantation owners | 139,966 | 15 sq mi (39 km2) |
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City of Bedford | 515 | N/A | 1968 | ? | John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British politician and negotiator of the Peace of Paris | 6,299 | 7 sq mi (18 km2) |
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City of Bristol | 520 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Washington County in 1890[5] | Bristol, England | 17,367 | 12 sq mi (31 km2) |
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City of Buena Vista | 530 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Rockbridge County in 1892[5] | from the Buena Vista Company, which founded an iron mine in the area and established the town for its laborers | 6,349 | 7 sq mi (18 km2) |
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City of Charlottesville | 540 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Albemarle County in 1888[5] | Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of King George III | 45,049 | 10 sq mi (26 km2) |
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City of Chesapeake | 550 | N/A | 1963 | Formed out of consolidation of Norfolk County (extinct) and City of South Norfolk (extinct)[6] | Chesapeake tribe | 222,209 | 341 sq mi (883 km2) |
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City of Colonial Heights | 570 | N/A | 1948 | ? | From the actions of Revolutionary War general Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette; his soldiers, nicknamed the "Colonials," placed a artillery on high ground overlooking Petersburg | 16,897 | 8 sq mi (21 km2) |
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City of Covington | 580 | N/A | 1952 | ? | Leonard Covington, hero of the Siege of Fort Recovery and Congressman from Maryland | 6,303 | 4 sq mi (10 km2) |
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City of Danville | 590 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Pittsylvania County before 1870[5] | Dan River | 48,411 | 43 sq mi (111 km2) |
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City of Emporia | 595 | N/A | 1967 | ? | Emporia, Kansas | 5,665 | 7 sq mi (18 km2) |
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City of Fairfax | 600 | N/A | 1961 | ? | Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, only resident British noble in colonial Virginia | 21,498 | 6 sq mi (16 km2) |
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City of Falls Church | 610 | N/A | 1948 | ? | The Falls Church | 12,332 | 2 sq mi (5 km2) |
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City of Franklin | 620 | N/A | 1961 | ? | Benjamin Franklin, publisher, scholar, orator, and U.S. Founding Father | 8,346 | 8 sq mi (21 km2) |
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City of Fredericksburg | 630 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Spotsylvania County before 1870[5] | Frederick, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King George II | 24,286 | 10 sq mi (26 km2) |
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City of Galax | 640 | N/A | 1952 | ? | the galax shrub | 6,837 | 8 sq mi (21 km2) |
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City of Hampton | 650 | N/A | 1908 | Founded 1610. Current city formed by consolidation of Elizabeth City County and City of Hampton in 1952[6] | Disputed; either Southampton, England or Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, one of the founders of the Virginia Company | 146,437 | 52 sq mi (135 km2) |
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City of Harrisonburg | 660 | N/A | 1916 | From Rockingham County in 1916[5] | Thomas Harrison, pioneering settler and town founder | 40,468 | 18 sq mi (47 km2) |
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City of Hopewell | 670 | N/A | 1916 | From Prince George County in 1916[5] | The Hopewell, a ship that carried some of the early English settlers to Virginia | 22,354 | 10 sq mi (26 km2) |
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City of Lexington | 678 | N/A | 1966 | ? | Revolutionary War Battle of Lexington | 6,867 | 2 sq mi (5 km2) |
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City of Lynchburg | 680 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Campbell County before 1870[5] | John Lynch, ferry operator and constructor of the first ridge across the James River in the area | 65,269 | 49 sq mi (127 km2) |
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City of Manassas | 683 | N/A | 1975 | ? | Manassas Gap Railroad | 37,821 | 10 sq mi (26 km2) |
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City of Manassas Park | 685 | N/A | 1975 | ? | Manassas Gap Railroad and Manassas National Battlefield Park | 14,273 | 2 sq mi (5 km2) |
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City of Martinsville | 690 | N/A | 1928 | ? | Joseph Martin, Revolutionary War general | 15,416 | 11 sq mi (28 km2) |
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City of Newport News | 700 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Warwick County in 1896[5] | Uncertain—see main city article | 180,150 | 68 sq mi (176 km2) |
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City of Norfolk | 710 | N/A | 1845[7] | Founded 1682.[8] Incorporated as City in 1845 from Lower Norfolk County (extinct)[6] | Norfolk, England | 242,803 | 54 sq mi (140 km2) |
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City of Norton | 720 | N/A | 1954 | ? | Eckstein Norton, president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad | 3,904 | 7 sq mi (18 km2) |
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City of Petersburg | 730 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Prince George County before 1870[5] | Peter Jones, early settler and merchant | 33,740 | 23 sq mi (60 km2) |
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City of Poquoson | 735 | N/A | 1975 | From York County | An Algonquin term roughly translating to "great marsh" or "flat land" | 11,566 | 16 sq mi (41 km2) |
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City of Portsmouth | 740 | N/A | 1858[6] | Founded 1752.[9] Incorporated as City in 1858 from Norfolk County (extinct)[6] | Portsmouth, England | 100,565 | 33 sq mi (85 km2) |
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City of Radford | 750 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Montgomery County in 1892[5] | Dr. John Blair Radford, owner of a plantation that included that town's lands | 15,859 | 10 sq mi (26 km2) |
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City of Richmond | 760 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Henrico County before 1870[5] | Richmond, Surrey, England | 204,214 | 60 sq mi (155 km2) |
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City of Roanoke | 770 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Roanoke County in 1884[5] | Roanoke River | 94,911 | 43 sq mi (111 km2) |
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City of Salem | 775 | N/A | 1968 | ? | After Salem, New Jersey, home of town founder William Bryan | 24,747 | 15 sq mi (39 km2) |
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City of Staunton | 790 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Augusta County before 1870[5] | Lady Rebecca Staunton, wife of colonial Lieutenant Governor William Gooch | 23,853 | 20 sq mi (52 km2) |
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City of Suffolk | 800 | N/A | 1910[10] | Founded 1742.[10] Incorporated as City in 1910 from Nansemond County (extinct)[10] | Suffolk, England | 63,677 | 400 sq mi (1,036 km2) |
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City of Virginia Beach | 810 | N/A | 1963 | Founded 1906 around existing community of Seatack. Incorporated as City in 1963 from Princess Anne County County (extinct)[6] | The city's coastal location | 437,994 | 248 sq mi (642 km2) |
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City of Waynesboro | 820 | N/A | 1948 | ? | Anthony Wayne, Revolutionary War general | 19,520 | 14 sq mi (36 km2) |
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City of Williamsburg | 830 | N/A | 1902[4] | From James City County | William III of England | 14,068 | 9 sq mi (23 km2) |
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City of Winchester | 840 | N/A | 1902[4] | From Frederick County in 1874[5] | Winchester, England | 23,585 | 9 sq mi (23 km2) |
List Of Counties In Virginia Media
Virginia Beach, largest city in Virginia
Chesapeake, second-largest city in Virginia
Norfolk, the third largest
Richmond, the capital city of Virginia & fourth largest city
Newport News, the fifth largest
References
- ↑ "EPA County FIPS Code Listing". EPA.gov. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 National Association of Counties. "NACo - Find a county". Archived from the original on 2007-07-09. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ↑ "Virginia Historical Counties" Archived 2004-08-04 at the Wayback Machine. Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. Chicago: Newberry Library. Retrieved 2010-07-10. Select the map for December 31, 1634 (the earliest date available).
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 "Virginia Historical Counties" Archived 2004-08-04 at the Wayback Machine. Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. Chicago: Newberry Library. Retrieved 2010-07-09. Compare the maps for July 9 and July 10, 1902.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 Bureau, US Census. "1920 Census: Volume 1. Population, Number and Distribution of Inhabitants". Census.gov.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Durman, George W. "Current Virginia Counties & Independent Cities". Germanna Colonies. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- ↑ City of Norfolk. "19th Century History". City of Norfolk History. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- ↑ City of Norfolk. "17th Century History". City of Norfolk History. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- ↑ City of Portsmouth. "City of Portsmouth, Virginia - History". City of Portsmouth. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 City of Suffolk. "All About Suffolk: History". Suffolk: Community. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.