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Voiced palatal nasal

The voiced palatal nasal is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ɲ⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨J⟩. English does not have this sound but Spanish does, where it is represented by "ñ".

Palatal nasal
ɲ
IPA number118
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɲ
Unicode (hex)U+0272
X-SAMPAJ
 

Feeatures

  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. It means that we produce this sound by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • Its phonation is voiced. It means that the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • We produce it at palatal. It means that we produce this sound with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
  • It is a nasal consonant. It means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples

Language Word IPA Meaning
!Kung[1] [example needed] — —
Albanian një [ɲə] 'one'
Aranda [example needed] — —
Basque andereño [än̪d̪e̞ɾe̞ɲo̞] 'female teacher'
Bengali[2] অঞ্চল/anycal [ɔɲtʃɔl] 'area'
Burmese[2] ညာ/nya [ɲà] 'right(-hand side)'
Catalan[3] any [ˈaɲ̟] 'year'
Chinese Mandarin 女人 / nǚ rén [ny˨˩˦ ɻən˧˥] 'woman'
Sichuanese [nʲy˨˩˦ zən˧˥]
Wu / Shanghai dialect 女人/nyú nyǐnh [n̠ʲy˩˧ n̠ʲɪɲ˥˨]
Czech kůň [kuːɲ] 'horse'
Dinka nyɔt [ɲɔt] 'very'
Dutch[4] oranje [oˈrɑɲə] 'orange'
French hargneux [arɲø] 'belligerent'
Galician[5] viño [ˈbiɲo] 'wine'
Greek πρωτοχρονιά / prōtochroniá [pro̞to̞xro̞ˈɲ̟ɐ] 'New Year's Day'
Haketia[6] [ru.ha.ˈɲi] 'spiritual'
Hindustani Hindi पञ्छी/पंछी/pañchī [pəɲ.t͡ʃʰiː] 'bird'
Urdu پنچھی/pañchī
Hungarian[7] anya [ˈɒɲɒ] 'mother'
Italian Standard bagno [ˈbäɲːo] 'bath'
Romanesco dialect niente [ˈɲːɛn̪t̪e] 'nothing'
Irish[8] inné [əˈn̠ʲeː] 'yesterday'
Japanese[9] 庭 / niwa [ɲ̟iɰᵝa̠] 'garden'
Khasi bseiñ [bsɛɲ] 'snake'
Khmer ពេញ / pénh [pɨɲ] 'full'
Korean 저녁 / jeonyeok [t͡ɕʌɲ̟ʌk̚] 'evening'
Kurdish Southern یانزه/yanyza [jäːɲzˠa] 'eleven'
Latvian mākoņains [maːkuɔɲains] 'cloudy'
Macedonian чешање/češanje [ˈt͡ʃɛʃaɲɛ] 'itching'
Malagasy[10] [example needed] — —
Malay banyak [bäɲäʔˈ] 'a lot'
Malayalam[11] ഞാൻ/ñān [ɲäːn] 'I'
Mapudungun[12] ñachi [ɲɜˈt͡ʃɪ] 'spiced blood'
North Frisian Mooring fliinj [ˈfliːɲ] 'to fly'
Norwegian Northern[13] mann [mɑɲː] 'man'
Southern[13]
Occitan Northern Polonha [puˈluɲo̞] 'Poland'
Southern
Gascon banh [baɲ] 'bath'
Polish[14] koń [kɔɲ̟] (help·info) 'horse'
Portuguese Many dialects[15] Sônia [ˈsõ̞n̠ʲɐ] 'Sonia'
Brazilian[15][16] sonhar [ˈsõ̞ɲaɾ] 'to dream'
European[17] arranhar [ɐʁɐ̃ˈn̠ʲaɾ] 'to scratch'
Quechua ñuqa [ˈɲɔqɑ] 'I'
Romanian Transylvanian dialects[18] câine [ˈkɨɲe̞] 'dog'
Scottish Gaelic[19] seinn [ʃeiɲ̟] 'sing'
Serbo-Croatian[20] њој / njoj [ɲ̟ȏ̞j] 'to her'
Slovak pečeň [ˈpɛ̝t͡ʂɛ̝ɲ̟] 'liver'
Spanish[21] español [e̞späˈɲol] 'Spanish'
Swahili nyama [ɲɑmɑ] 'meat'
Tamil ஞாயிறு/ñāyiru [ɲaːjiru] 'Sunday'
Tyap nyam [ɲam] 'animal'
Ukrainian тінь/tin' [t̪ʲin̠ʲ] 'shadow'
Vietnamese nhà [ɲâː] 'house'
West Frisian njonken [ˈɲoŋkən] 'next to'
Yi ꑌ / nyi [n̠ʲi˧] 'sit'
Zulu inyoni [iɲ̟óːni] 'bird'

Voiced Palatal Nasal Media

  • A schematic mid-sagittal section of an articulation of a voiced palatal nasal [ɲ].

Notes

  1. ↑ Doke (1925), p. ?.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 111.
  3. ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
  4. ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 46.
  5. ↑ Regueira (1996), p. 119.
  6. ↑ Cunha (2009), pp. 42, 43.
  7. ↑ Ladefoged (2005), p. 164.
  8. ↑ Ní Chasaide (1999).
  9. ↑ Okada (1999), p. 118.
  10. ↑ Recasens (2013), p. 11.
  11. ↑ Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
  12. ↑ Sadowsky et al. (2013), p. 88.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Skjekkeland (1997), pp. 105–107.
  14. ↑ Jassem (2003), pp. 103–104.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine, p. 12.
  16. ↑ Aragão (2009), p. 168.
  17. ↑ Cruz-Ferreira (1995), p. 91.
  18. ↑ Pop (1938), p. 30.
  19. ↑ Oftedal (1956), p. ?.
  20. ↑ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  21. ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 255.

References

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  • Aragão, Maria do Socorro Silva de (2009), "Os estudos fonético-fonológicos nos estados da Paraíba e do Ceará" [The phonetic-phonological studies in Paraíba and Ceará states] (PDF), Revista da ABRALIN (in português), 8 (1), archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2013
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  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
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