Voiced palatal nasal

The voiced palatal nasal is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ɲ⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨J⟩. English does not have this sound but Spanish does, where it is represented by "ñ".

Palatal nasal
ɲ
IPA number118
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɲ
Unicode (hex)U+0272
X-SAMPAJ
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Sound

 

Feeatures

  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. It means that we produce this sound by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • Its phonation is voiced. It means that the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • We produce it at palatal. It means that we produce this sound with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
  • It is a nasal consonant. It means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples

Language Word IPA Meaning
!Kung[1] [example needed]
Albanian një [ɲə] 'one'
Aranda [example needed]
Basque andereño [än̪d̪e̞ɾe̞ɲo̞] 'female teacher'
Bengali[2] অঞ্চল/anycal [ɔɲtʃɔl] 'area'
Burmese[2] ညာ/nya [ɲà] 'right(-hand side)'
Catalan[3] any [ˈaɲ̟] 'year'
Chinese Mandarin 女人 / nǚ rén [ny˨˩˦ ɻən˧˥] 'woman'
Sichuanese [nʲy˨˩˦ zən˧˥]
Wu / Shanghai dialect 女人/nyú nyǐnh [n̠ʲy˩˧ n̠ʲɪɲ˥˨]
Czech ň [kuːɲ] 'horse'
Dinka nyɔt [ɲɔt] 'very'
Dutch[4] oranje [oˈrɑɲə] 'orange'
French hargneux [arɲø] 'belligerent'
Galician[5] viño [ˈbiɲo] 'wine'
Greek πρωτοχρονιά / prōtochroniá [pro̞to̞xro̞ˈɲ̟ɐ] 'New Year's Day'
Haketia[6] [ru.ha.ˈɲi] 'spiritual'
Hindustani Hindi पञ्छी/पंछी/pañchī [pəɲ.t͡ʃʰiː] 'bird'
Urdu پنچھی/pañchī
Hungarian[7] anya [ˈɒɲɒ] 'mother'
Italian Standard bagno [ˈbäɲːo] 'bath'
Romanesco dialect niente [ˈɲːɛn̪t̪e] 'nothing'
Irish[8] inné [əˈn̠ʲeː] 'yesterday'
Japanese[9] / niwa [ɲ̟iɰᵝa̠] 'garden'
Khasi bse [bsɛɲ] 'snake'
Khmer ពេញ / <span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">pénh [pɨɲ] 'full'
Korean 저녁 / jeonyeok [t͡ɕʌɲ̟ʌk̚] 'evening'
Kurdish Southern یانزه/yanyza [jäːɲzˠa] 'eleven'
Latvian mākoņains [maːkuɔɲains] 'cloudy'
Macedonian чешање/češanje [ˈt͡ʃɛʃaɲɛ] 'itching'
Malagasy[10] [example needed]
Malay banyak [bäɲäʔˈ] 'a lot'
Malayalam[11] ഞാ/ñān [ɲäːn] 'I'
Mapudungun[12] ñachi [ɲɜˈt͡ʃɪ] 'spiced blood'
North Frisian Mooring fliinj [ˈfliːɲ] 'to fly'
Norwegian Northern[13] mann [mɑɲː] 'man'
Southern[13]
Occitan Northern Polonha [puˈluɲo̞] 'Poland'
Southern
Gascon banh [baɲ] 'bath'
Polish[14] koń [kɔɲ̟] 'horse'
Portuguese Many dialects[15] nia [ˈsõ̞n̠ʲɐ] 'Sonia'
Brazilian[15][16] sonhar [ˈsõ̞ɲaɾ] 'to dream'
European[17] arranhar [ɐʁɐ̃ˈn̠ʲaɾ] 'to scratch'
Quechua ñuqa [ˈɲɔqɑ] 'I'
Romanian Transylvanian dialects[18] câine [ˈkɨɲe̞] 'dog'
Scottish Gaelic[19] seinn [ʃeiɲ̟] 'sing'
Serbo-Croatian[20] њој / njoj [ɲ̟ȏ̞j] 'to her'
Slovak pečeň [ˈpɛ̝t͡ʂɛ̝ɲ̟] 'liver'
Spanish[21] español [e̞späˈɲol] 'Spanish'
Swahili nyama [ɲɑmɑ] 'meat'
Tamil ஞாயிறு/ñāyiru [ɲaːjiru] 'Sunday'
Tyap nyam [ɲam] 'animal'
Ukrainian тінь/tin' [t̪ʲin̠ʲ] 'shadow'
Vietnamese nhà [ɲâː] 'house'
West Frisian njonken [ˈɲoŋkən] 'next to'
Yi / nyi [n̠ʲi˧] 'sit'
Zulu inyoni [iɲ̟óːni] 'bird'

Voiced Palatal Nasal Media

Notes

References

  • Ambrazas, Vytautas; Geniušienė, Emma; Girdenis, Aleksas; Sližienė, Nijolė; Valeckienė, Adelė; Valiulytė, Elena; Tekorienė, Dalija; Pažūsis, Lionginas (1997), Ambrazas, Vytautas (ed.), Lithuanian Grammar, Vilnius: Institute of the Lithuanian Language, ISBN 978-9986-813-22-4
  • Aragão, Maria do Socorro Silva de (2009), "Os estudos fonético-fonológicos nos estados da Paraíba e do Ceará" [The phonetic-phonological studies in Paraíba and Ceará states] (PDF), Revista da ABRALIN (in português), 8 (1), archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2013
  • Arvaniti, Amalia (2007), "Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art" (PDF), Journal of Greek Linguistics, 8: 97–208, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.1365, doi:10.1075/jgl.8.08arv, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-11
  • Cagliari, Luiz Carlos (1974). A palatalização em português: uma investigação palatográfica. Campinas, SP: University of Campinas. doi:10.47749/T/UNICAMP.1974.47334
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