German Empire

German Empire
*Deutsches Reich*code: de is deprecated (German)
German Empire Deutsches Reich (German)
1871–1918
	Flag of German Reich
	Motto:
	Anthem:
	File:German Empire 1914.svg File:German Empire in 1918.png File:Deutsches Reich (1871-1918)-en.png
	File:German colonial.PNG The German colonial empire in 1914
Capital and largest city	Berlin; 52°31′7″N 13°22′34″E / 52.51861°N 13.37611°ECoordinates: 52°31′7″N 13°22′34″E / 52.51861°N 13.37611°E
Official languages	German
Common languages	List
Religion (1880)	Majority:; 62.63% Protestant; (United Protestant, Lutheran, Reformed); Minorities:; 35.89% Roman Catholic; 1.24% Jewish; 0.17% other Christian; 0.07% other
Demonym(s)	German
Government	Federal parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy Under a military dictatorship; (1916–1918);
Emperor
• 1871–1888	Wilhelm I
• 1888	Friedrich III
• 1888–1918	Wilhelm II
Chancellor
• 1871–1890	Otto von Bismarck
• 1890–1894	Leo von Caprivi
• 1894–1900	C. zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
• 1900–1909	Bernhard von Bülow
• 1909–1917	T. von Bethmann Hollweg
• 1917	Georg Michaelis
• 1917–1918	Georg von Hertling
• 1918	Max von Baden
Legislature	Bicameral
• Upper house	Bundesrat
• Lower house	Reichstag
Historical era	New Imperialism • World War I
•	18 January 1871
• Constitution	16 April 1871
• Berlin Conference	15 November 1884
• WWI began	28 July 1914
• German Revolution	3 November 1918
• Abdication of Kaiser	9 November 1918
• Armistice	11 November 1918
•	11 August 1919
Area
• Total	1,750,000 km2 (680,000 sq mi)
1910	540,857.54 km2 (208,826.26 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate	70,000,000
• 1871	41,058,792
• 1900	56,367,178
• 1910	64,925,993
Currency	Until 1873: Vereinsthaler, South German gulden, Bremen thaler, Hamburg mark, French franc German gold mark; (1873–1914); German Papiermark; (1914–1918)
Preceded by	Succeeded by
File:Flag of Germany (1867–1918).svg	North German Confederation
20px	Bavaria
20px	Württemberg
20px	Baden
20px	Hesse
Weimar Republic	20px
Memel Territory	20px
Territory of the Saar Basin	20px
Danzig
	Area and population not including colonial possessions

The German Empire (German: [Deutsches Reich] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)),^[a]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18] also referred to as Imperial Germany,^[19] the Second Reich^[b]^[20] or simply Germany, was a country in Europe during the period of the German Reich from 1871 to its dissolution in November 1918. When the German Empire collapsed, it became the Weimar Republic, a republic.^[21]^[22]

List of German states

File:Karte Deutsches Reich, Verwaltungsgliederung 1900-01-01.png

300px


State		Capital
Kingdoms (Königreiche)
File:Flag of Prussia (1892-1918).svg	Prussia (Preußen)	Berlin
25px	Bavaria (Bayern)	Munich
25px	Saxony (Sachsen)	Dresden
25px	Württemberg	Stuttgart
Grand duchies (Großherzogtümer)
File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Baden (1855–1891).svg	Baden	Karlsruhe
25px	Hesse (Hessen)	Darmstadt
25px	Mecklenburg-Schwerin	Schwerin
25px	Mecklenburg-Strelitz	Neustrelitz
25px	Oldenburg	Oldenburg
25px	Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)	Weimar
Duchies (Herzogtümer)
25px	Anhalt	Dessau
File:Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg	Brunswick (Braunschweig)	Braunschweig
25px	Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg)	Altenburg
25px	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha)	Coburg
25px	Saxe-Meiningen (Sachsen-Meiningen)	Meiningen
Principalities (Fürstentümer)
	Lippe	Detmold
File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß jüngere Linie.svg	Reuss, junior line	Gera
25px	Reuss, senior line	Greiz
25px	Schaumburg-Lippe	Bückeburg
25px	Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt	Rudolstadt
25px	Schwarzburg-Sondershausen	Sondershausen
25px	Waldeck-Pyrmont	Arolsen
Free Hanseatic cities (Freie Hansestädte)
	Bremen
File:Flag of Hamburg.svg	Hamburg
25px	Lübeck
Imperial territory (Reichsland)
File:Flag of Germany (1867–1918).svg	Alsace-Lorraine (Elsaß-Lothringen)	Straßburg

German Empire Media

Heil Dir Im Siegerkranz (old recording)
The German Empire and its colonial possessions in 1914. The red circles are to improve the sighting of very small single pixel German territories. Note that the northernmost German holding in China was one of many European holdings in the Chinese trading city of
Die Wacht am Rhein - German Patriotic Anthem (Old Recording)
Berlin Palace, the main residence of the House of Hohenzollern
A postage stamp from the Caroline Islands

Related pages

Notes

↑ Pronounced de; today often referred to as Deutsches Kaiserreichcode: de is deprecated .
↑ German: [Zweites Reich] Error: [undefined] Error: {{Lang}}: no text (help): text has italic markup (help)

References

↑ Preble, George Henry, History of the Flag of the United States of America: With a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations, 2nd ed, p. 102; A. Williams and co, 1880
↑ Fischer, Michael; Senkel, Christian (2010). Klaus Tanner (ed.). Reichsgründung 1871: Ereignis, Beschreibung, Inszenierung. Münster: Bachmann Verlag.
↑ Hansen, Hans Jürgen (1978). Heil Dir im Siegerkranz: die Hymnen der Deutschen. Oldenburg, Hamburg: Stalling. ISBN 3-7979-1950-6.
↑ von ADELHEID, K. L. A. I. B. E. R. ""Max Schneckenburger (1819–1849)–der Dichter der "Wacht am Rhein "". SCHRIFTEN DER BAAR. p. 165. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
↑ Ochsmann, Almut. "100 Jahre deutsche Nationalhymne: Überlegungen zu Eine vaterländische Ouvertüre op. 140." Mitteilungen der Internationalen Max-Reger-Gesellschaft 3.42 (2022): 18–23.
↑ "German Empire". Britannica. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
↑ Nipperdey, Thomas, "Deutsche Geschichte 1866–1918: Zweiter Band: Machtstaat vor der Demokratie" (1995), p. 98–108.
↑ Röhl, John C. G. "Kaiser Wilhelm II: A Concise Life" (2014), p. 172–173.
↑ Haardt, Oliver F. R. (2016). "The Kaiser in the Federal State, 1871–1918". German History. 34 (4): 529–554. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghw117. ISSN 0266-3554.
↑ Wheeler-Bennett, John (1967). The Nemesis of Power The German Army in Politics 1918–1945. London: Macmillan. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-1-4039-1812-3.
↑ Statement of Abdication of Wilhelm II
↑ "German Empire: administrative subdivision and municipalities, 1900 to 1910" (in Deutsch). Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 "Population statistics of the German Empire, 1871" (in Deutsch). Archived from the original on 5 April 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
↑ Seyler, Gustav A.:Die Wappen der deutschen Landesfürsten. Reprograf. Nachdr. von Siebmacher's Wappenbuch 1. Bd., 1. Abt. 2. – 5. Teil (Nürnberg 1909 – 1929)
↑ "German constitution of 1871" (in Deutsch). German Wikisource. 16 March 2011. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
↑ "Cornell University Library Making of America Collection". collections.library.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
↑ World Book, Inc. The World Book dictionary, Volume 1. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany.
↑ Joseph Whitaker. Whitaker's almanack, 1991. J Whitaker & Sons, 1990. Pp. 765. Refers to the term Deutsches Reichcode: de is deprecated being translated into English as "German Realm", up to and including the Weimar period.
↑ See, for example, Roger Chickering, Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014; Cornelius Torp and Sven Oliver Müller, eds., Imperial Germany Revisited: Continuing Debates & New Perspectives. Oxford: Berghahn, 2011; James Retallack, ed., Imperial Germany 1871–1918. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008; Isabel V. Hull, Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.
↑ "German Empire". Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
↑ Toyka-Seid, Gerd Schneider, Christiane. "Reichsgründung/ Deutsches Reich | bpb". bpb.de (in Deutsch). Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
↑ Sturm, Reinhard (23 December 2011). "Vom Kaiserreich zur Republik 1918/19 – Weimarer Republik". bpb.de (in Deutsch). Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2020.

[15] Pronounced de; today often referred to as Deutsches Kaiserreichcode: de is deprecated .

[21] German: [Zweites Reich] Error: [undefined] Error: {{Lang}}: no text (help): text has italic markup (help)

[1] Preble, George Henry, History of the Flag of the United States of America: With a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations, 2nd ed, p. 102; A. Williams and co, 1880

[2] Fischer, Michael; Senkel, Christian (2010). Klaus Tanner (ed.). Reichsgründung 1871: Ereignis, Beschreibung, Inszenierung. Münster: Bachmann Verlag.

[3] Hansen, Hans Jürgen (1978). Heil Dir im Siegerkranz: die Hymnen der Deutschen. Oldenburg, Hamburg: Stalling. ISBN 3-7979-1950-6.

[4] von ADELHEID, K. L. A. I. B. E. R. ""Max Schneckenburger (1819–1849)–der Dichter der "Wacht am Rhein "". SCHRIFTEN DER BAAR. p. 165. Retrieved 9 September 2023.

[5] Ochsmann, Almut. "100 Jahre deutsche Nationalhymne: Überlegungen zu Eine vaterländische Ouvertüre op. 140." Mitteilungen der Internationalen Max-Reger-Gesellschaft 3.42 (2022): 18–23.

[6] "German Empire". Britannica. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

[7] Nipperdey, Thomas, "Deutsche Geschichte 1866–1918: Zweiter Band: Machtstaat vor der Demokratie" (1995), p. 98–108.

[8] Röhl, John C. G. "Kaiser Wilhelm II: A Concise Life" (2014), p. 172–173.

[9] Haardt, Oliver F. R. (2016). "The Kaiser in the Federal State, 1871–1918". German History. 34 (4): 529–554. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghw117. ISSN 0266-3554.

[10] Wheeler-Bennett, John (1967). The Nemesis of Power The German Army in Politics 1918–1945. London: Macmillan. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-1-4039-1812-3.

[11] Statement of Abdication of Wilhelm II

[gem1900-12] "German Empire: administrative subdivision and municipalities, 1900 to 1910" (in Deutsch). Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2007.

[pop1871-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 "Population statistics of the German Empire, 1871" (in Deutsch). Archived from the original on 5 April 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2007.

[14] Seyler, Gustav A.:Die Wappen der deutschen Landesfürsten. Reprograf. Nachdr. von Siebmacher's Wappenbuch 1. Bd., 1. Abt. 2. – 5. Teil (Nürnberg 1909 – 1929)

[constitution-16] "German constitution of 1871" (in Deutsch). German Wikisource. 16 March 2011. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2011.

[tuttle-17] "Cornell University Library Making of America Collection". collections.library.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-16.

[18] World Book, Inc. The World Book dictionary, Volume 1. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany.

[19] Joseph Whitaker. Whitaker's almanack, 1991. J Whitaker & Sons, 1990. Pp. 765. Refers to the term Deutsches Reichcode: de is deprecated being translated into English as "German Realm", up to and including the Weimar period.

[20] See, for example, Roger Chickering, Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014; Cornelius Torp and Sven Oliver Müller, eds., Imperial Germany Revisited: Continuing Debates & New Perspectives. Oxford: Berghahn, 2011; James Retallack, ed., Imperial Germany 1871–1918. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008; Isabel V. Hull, Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.

[22] "German Empire". Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022.

[23] Toyka-Seid, Gerd Schneider, Christiane. "Reichsgründung/ Deutsches Reich | bpb". bpb.de (in Deutsch). Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.

[24] Sturm, Reinhard (23 December 2011). "Vom Kaiserreich zur Republik 1918/19 – Weimarer Republik". bpb.de (in Deutsch). Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2020.

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