Lagerstätten
Lagerstätte (plural: Lagerstätten) is a German word for places (sites) of exceptional fossil preservation. Adolf Seilacher coined the term in 1970 to describe sites, like Solnhofen, which yielded the most exceptional fossils.[1]
Extra-special sites are called Konservat-Lagerstätten (conservation Lagerstätten). These are deposits known for the exceptional preservation of fine details. There skeletons are mostly articulated (bones together in life form), and the soft parts are preserved as impressions or casts.
Preservation
In Lagerstätten the normal processses of decay after death were less active or halted as sediment was deposited. This allowed the preservation of soft parts and exceptional detail. There are several possible causes which allow this to happen:
- Anoxic or near anoxic conditions (e.g. oxygen-free mud) which suppresses common bacterial decomposition long enough for the initial casts of soft body parts to register.
- Rapid burial in volcanic ash from a nearby eruption. This prevents scavengers and burrowing animals from reaching the dead body. It also produces a low-oxygen environment.
- Rapid burial by mud-slides.
- High salt content in the water, which few organisms can live in. This condition occurred in the lagoons which produced the Solnhofen limestone.
In these conditions, which are exceptional, scavengers, burrowers and bacteria are eliminated or reduced. Then the normal processes of deposition and fossilisation produces strata containing exceptional fossils.
Lessons learnt
Most of what we know about the details of extinct life comes from these exceptional sites. The soft-bodied Ediacaran biota, the fins of ichthyosaurs, the fur and wing structure of pterosaurs, the feathers on Mesozoic dinosaurs and birds, are all discoveries made on fossils from Lagerstätten. These sites preserve much of the fauna and flora of the time and place. That permits reconstruction of its ecology.
Short-list of Lagerstätten
There are over 50 sites which have been described as Lagerstätten.[2]
- Morrison Formation, western U.S.A.
- Solnhofen limestone, Bavaria, Germany
- Jehol biota: Yixian and Jiufotang formations, China.
- Riversleigh, Australia
- Rancho La Brea tar pits, Los Angeles, California.
Lagerstätten Media
Well-preserved basal arthropod Opabinia from Burgess Shale Lagerstätte
Archaeopteryx specimen from Solnhofen Lagerstätte
Stranded scyphozoans with the trackways Climactichnites from Blackberry Hill, Wisconsin (Cambrian). Scyphozoan in foreground is 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter. Slab is in hyporelief.
An ediacaran embryo-like fossil
Frondose ediacaran organisms
Spriggina floundersi, a worm-like organism
Haikouichthys, a primitive craniate
Duplapex, a hymenocarine arthropod
Kerygmachela, a dinocaridid-like lobopodian
References
- ↑ Seilacher A. 1970. Begriff und Bedeutung der Fossil-Lagerstätten: Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie. Monatshefte 1970: 34–39.
- ↑ "Fossil Lagerstätten". Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol. 2003. Archived from the original on 2007-06-12. Retrieved 2005-11-21. — A catalogue of sites of exceptional fossil preservation produced by MSc palaeobiology students at University of Bristol's Department of Earth Sciences.